A Hector is incorrect. The two ions have opposite charges, so they will bond together in a binary ionic compound.
Explanation:
For formation of a neutral ionic compound, the charges on cation and anion must be balanced. The cation is formed by loss of electrons by metals and anions are formed by gain of electrons by non metals.
Electronic configuration of sodium:
Sodium atom will loose two electrons to gain noble gas configuration and form sodium cation with +1 charge.
[tex][Na^{+}]=1s^22s^22p^63s^0[/tex]
Electronic configuration of oxygen:
Oxygen atom will gain one electron to gain noble gas configuration and form oxide ion with -2 charge.
Here sodium is having an oxidation state of +1 called as cation and oxide is an anion with oxidation state of -2. Thus they combine and their oxidation states are exchanged and written in simplest whole number ratios to give neutral .
The cations and anions being oppositely charged attract each other through strong coloumbic forces and form an ionic bond.
A Hector is incorrect. The two ions have opposite charges, so they will bond together in a binary ionic compound.
Explanation:
For formation of a neutral ionic compound, the charges on cation and anion must be balanced. The cation is formed by loss of electrons by metals and anions are formed by gain of electrons by non metals.
Electronic configuration of sodium:
Sodium atom will loose two electrons to gain noble gas configuration and form sodium cation with +1 charge.
[tex][Na^{+}]=1s^22s^22p^63s^0[/tex]
Electronic configuration of oxygen:
Oxygen atom will gain one electron to gain noble gas configuration and form oxide ion with -2 charge.
Here sodium is having an oxidation state of +1 called as cation and oxide is an anion with oxidation state of -2. Thus they combine and their oxidation states are exchanged and written in simplest whole number ratios to give neutral .
The cations and anions being oppositely charged attract each other through strong coloumbic forces and form an ionic bond.
Answers : Fill in the blanks.
Answer 1) During a chemical reaction, the sum of the masses of the reactants and products remain unchanged.
In a reaction masses of the reactants and products always remains the same.
Answer 2) In a pure chemical compound, elements are always present in a definite proportion by mass.
It is observed that in a chemical reaction the elements are found in definite proportion by mass.
Answer 3) Clusters of atoms that act as an ion are called polyatomic ions.
Polyatomic ions are those ions which consits of atoms more than two in their molecule.
Answer 4) In ionic compounds, the charge on each ion is used to determine the chemical formula of the compound.
The charges on the molecule helps to determine the chemical formula of any compound.
Answer 5) The Avogadro constant 6.022 X is defined as the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12
Avogadro used carbon-12 as the standard reference element fpr determining its molecules.
Answer 6) Mass of 1 mole of a substance is called its molar mass or molecular weight.
A molecular weight of an atom to define its number of moles.
Answer 7) The abbreviation used for length names of elements are termed as their Symbols.
The abbreviation used for the length of names of elements are called as symbols.
Answer 8) A chemical formula is also known as a true formula or molecular formula.
The term chemical formula determines the number of chemical components present in it.
Answer 9) Those ions which are formed from single atoms are called monoatomic ions.
The ions made up from single atoms are called as monoatomic ions.
Answer 10) Ionic compounds are formed by the combination between metal and nonmetal.
The ionic compounds are usually bonded by the ionic bonds in a compound.
Answer 11) The valency of an ion is equal to the charge on the ion.
Valency of any ion is always equal to the charge on that ion.
Answer 12) Mole is a link between the mass of a substance and number of formula units.
Usually the mole forms a link to define the mass of the substance and its formula.
Answer 13) The SI unit of amount of a substance is mole.
Mole is considered to be the SI unit for aount of substance of any chemical compound.
Answer : true or false.
Answer 1) Formula mass of O is 62 amu True
As we know there are 2 moles of Na and one mole of O so it will be (2 X 23) + 16 = 62 amu.
Answer 2) Those particles which have more or less electrons than the normal atoms are called ions True
We call ions to those atoms which hav more or less electrons in their normal atoms
Answer 3) Formula for sulphur dioxide is S. False
The formula for sulphur dioxide is S as the name di suggests two molecules.
Answer 4) Molar mass of ethyne (C2H2) is 26 g/mol True.
As the ethyene molecule consists of 2 C atoms and 2 H atoms it will be (12 X 2) + (2 X 1) = 26
Answer 5) 22 gm of CO2 consists of 1 mole. False
The 1 mole of C contains 1 C atom and 2 O atoms (12) + (16 X 2) = 44
Answer 6) Number of molecules in 32 gram of oxygen is 6.02 x . False
Only 1 moles of any substance will consist of 6.02 x molecules.
Answer 7) Water is an atom False.
Water is a molecule of 2 atoms namely hydrogen and oxygen.
Answer 8) Formula for sulphur dioxide is Strue.
As the name suggest sulphur along with two oxygen in it.
Answer 9) Clusters of atoms that act as an ion is called polyatomic ion. True
The clusters of ions from different atoms of the elements can be called as polyatomic ions.
Answer 10) Mass of 1 mole of a substance is called its formula mass. False.
As in formula mass we take the sum of the atomic weights of atoms in a molecule. And for 1 mole of a substance it is called as molar mass.
Answer 11) In a pure chemical compound, elements are always present in a definite proportion by mass. True
In any chemical reaction, the pure chemical compound is always found to have elements with definite proportion to their masses.
Answers : Fill in the blanks.
Answer 1) During a chemical reaction, the sum of the masses of the reactants and products remain unchanged.
In a reaction masses of the reactants and products always remains the same.
Answer 2) In a pure chemical compound, elements are always present in a definite proportion by mass.
It is observed that in a chemical reaction the elements are found in definite proportion by mass.
Answer 3) Clusters of atoms that act as an ion are called polyatomic ions.
Polyatomic ions are those ions which consits of atoms more than two in their molecule.
Answer 4) In ionic compounds, the charge on each ion is used to determine the chemical formula of the compound.
The charges on the molecule helps to determine the chemical formula of any compound.
Answer 5) The Avogadro constant 6.022 X is defined as the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12
Avogadro used carbon-12 as the standard reference element fpr determining its molecules.
Answer 6) Mass of 1 mole of a substance is called its molar mass or molecular weight.
A molecular weight of an atom to define its number of moles.
Answer 7) The abbreviation used for length names of elements are termed as their Symbols.
The abbreviation used for the length of names of elements are called as symbols.
Answer 8) A chemical formula is also known as a true formula or molecular formula.
The term chemical formula determines the number of chemical components present in it.
Answer 9) Those ions which are formed from single atoms are called monoatomic ions.
The ions made up from single atoms are called as monoatomic ions.
Answer 10) Ionic compounds are formed by the combination between metal and nonmetal.
The ionic compounds are usually bonded by the ionic bonds in a compound.
Answer 11) The valency of an ion is equal to the charge on the ion.
Valency of any ion is always equal to the charge on that ion.
Answer 12) Mole is a link between the mass of a substance and number of formula units.
Usually the mole forms a link to define the mass of the substance and its formula.
Answer 13) The SI unit of amount of a substance is mole.
Mole is considered to be the SI unit for aount of substance of any chemical compound.
Answer : true or false.
Answer 1) Formula mass of O is 62 amu True
As we know there are 2 moles of Na and one mole of O so it will be (2 X 23) + 16 = 62 amu.
Answer 2) Those particles which have more or less electrons than the normal atoms are called ions True
We call ions to those atoms which hav more or less electrons in their normal atoms
Answer 3) Formula for sulphur dioxide is S. False
The formula for sulphur dioxide is S as the name di suggests two molecules.
Answer 4) Molar mass of ethyne (C2H2) is 26 g/mol True.
As the ethyene molecule consists of 2 C atoms and 2 H atoms it will be (12 X 2) + (2 X 1) = 26
Answer 5) 22 gm of CO2 consists of 1 mole. False
The 1 mole of C contains 1 C atom and 2 O atoms (12) + (16 X 2) = 44
Answer 6) Number of molecules in 32 gram of oxygen is 6.02 x . False
Only 1 moles of any substance will consist of 6.02 x molecules.
Answer 7) Water is an atom False.
Water is a molecule of 2 atoms namely hydrogen and oxygen.
Answer 8) Formula for sulphur dioxide is Strue.
As the name suggest sulphur along with two oxygen in it.
Answer 9) Clusters of atoms that act as an ion is called polyatomic ion. True
The clusters of ions from different atoms of the elements can be called as polyatomic ions.
Answer 10) Mass of 1 mole of a substance is called its formula mass. False.
As in formula mass we take the sum of the atomic weights of atoms in a molecule. And for 1 mole of a substance it is called as molar mass.
Answer 11) In a pure chemical compound, elements are always present in a definite proportion by mass. True
In any chemical reaction, the pure chemical compound is always found to have elements with definite proportion to their masses.
1. to answer questions about the natural world
The aim of scientific method is to answer a question that the scientist have. To answer the question, the scientist need to design a research or observation. If the research is flawed, the result might not match with the scientist aim and the conclusion will be wrong. Scientific method can be used to help design the research so it will have less flaw
2. fertilizer
The student wants to determine the effect of a certain brand of liquid fertilizer on the growth of ivy. The fertilizer are hoped to influence the growth of the ivy. Independent variable is the variable that hoped to influence the dependent variable. So, the independent variable would be fertilizer.
3. soil; light
Control variable is the variable that could influence the independent variable, but doesn't want to be observed. Control variable should be made same so it wont influence the result. In this case, the plant use the same amount of soil. The plant also put in front of a same window, so they should get the same amount of sunlight.
4. Humidty
The scientist wants to determine if humidity affects chirping in crickets. The humidity hoped to affects the chirping in crickets. Independent variable is the variable that hoped to influence the dependent variable. So, the humidity is independent variable while the number of chirping is the dependent variable.
5. dependent variable
The scientist is testing the efficiency of various microwaves by measuring the temperature of water. The microwaves is hoped to influence the temperature of the water. So, the temperature would be the dependent variable of the experiment and the microwaves will be the independent variable
6. water; air; soil
Abiotic factor consist of factor that made of non-living things. Water, air and soil is not a living things. Animals like elephant should be clearly living so they are biotic factor. Grass and tree could not move freely like animal and hard to determine if still living or not, but they should be considered as living thing.
7. an alligator submerges itself under water to stay cool in the summer; an alligator suns itself on the shore to raise its body temperature.
If a bird picks food from alligator teeth, it would be interaction of biotic factor with biotic factors. Alligator trying to control their body temperature by sunbath or submerge would be interaction between abiotic factor(sunlight, water) with biotic factor(alligator). Oxygenated water is interaction between abiotic factor(water) with abiotic factor(air/oxygen).
8. strong adhesion
Water has high heat capacity which makes it temperature hard to changes. It will need more energy/heat to change the temperature of water when compared to air. Adhesion of water makes it could stick to other things while cohesion makes the water stick to itself. The force that cause molecules of water to stick to the sides of a drinking straw would be adhesion.
9. 14
oxygen has atomic number 8 and atomic mass of 14. The atomic number show the amount of proton and electron that the oxygen has while the atomic mass show the sum of proton and neutron. The number of protons and neutrons in stable oxygen would be 14, same as the atomic mass.
10. protons; neutrons
Protons and neutrons could be found in the nucleus of the atom while the electron is orbiting in the outer layer. The mass of the atom mostly contributed by the protons and neutrons while the electron is too small and their mass is negligible.
11. ions are atoms with extra electrons or too few electrons; isotopes are atoms with extra neutrons or too few neutrons; isotopes are radioactive
When an atom has less electron it will be called cation while the atom with more electron called anion. Isotopes have different number of neutrons which make some of them become radioactive. Isotope should have the same number of electrons.
12. it has 4 valence electrons, so it can make 4 strong bond with other atoms.
Carbon made most of the organic compound. Carbon can be found in carbohydrate, protein and lipid. It has 4 valence electrons which enable 4 slot of covalent bond with oxygen and hydrogen which allow those 3 molecule to have many type of bonds.
13. Need image to answer
14. The compound has different properties, because the bonds cause structural changes of the elements
Compound will have different properties compared to the element that makes it. Table salt is made of natrium and chlorine atom. The natrium element will explode when exposed to water while natrium chloride is found most in the sea.
15. exothermic
Reaction that produce energy will be called exothermic while reaction that absorb energy called endothermic. If the reaction cause light and explosion, then the reaction should produce energy and called exothermic. The ion or compound should have no relation in this.
1. to answer questions about the natural world
The aim of scientific method is to answer a question that the scientist have. To answer the question, the scientist need to design a research or observation. If the research is flawed, the result might not match with the scientist aim and the conclusion will be wrong. Scientific method can be used to help design the research so it will have less flaw
2. fertilizer
The student wants to determine the effect of a certain brand of liquid fertilizer on the growth of ivy. The fertilizer are hoped to influence the growth of the ivy. Independent variable is the variable that hoped to influence the dependent variable. So, the independent variable would be fertilizer.
3. soil; light
Control variable is the variable that could influence the independent variable, but doesn't want to be observed. Control variable should be made same so it wont influence the result. In this case, the plant use the same amount of soil. The plant also put in front of a same window, so they should get the same amount of sunlight.
4. Humidty
The scientist wants to determine if humidity affects chirping in crickets. The humidity hoped to affects the chirping in crickets. Independent variable is the variable that hoped to influence the dependent variable. So, the humidity is independent variable while the number of chirping is the dependent variable.
5. dependent variable
The scientist is testing the efficiency of various microwaves by measuring the temperature of water. The microwaves is hoped to influence the temperature of the water. So, the temperature would be the dependent variable of the experiment and the microwaves will be the independent variable
6. water; air; soil
Abiotic factor consist of factor that made of non-living things. Water, air and soil is not a living things. Animals like elephant should be clearly living so they are biotic factor. Grass and tree could not move freely like animal and hard to determine if still living or not, but they should be considered as living thing.
7. an alligator submerges itself under water to stay cool in the summer; an alligator suns itself on the shore to raise its body temperature.
If a bird picks food from alligator teeth, it would be interaction of biotic factor with biotic factors. Alligator trying to control their body temperature by sunbath or submerge would be interaction between abiotic factor(sunlight, water) with biotic factor(alligator). Oxygenated water is interaction between abiotic factor(water) with abiotic factor(air/oxygen).
8. strong adhesion
Water has high heat capacity which makes it temperature hard to changes. It will need more energy/heat to change the temperature of water when compared to air. Adhesion of water makes it could stick to other things while cohesion makes the water stick to itself. The force that cause molecules of water to stick to the sides of a drinking straw would be adhesion.
9. 14
oxygen has atomic number 8 and atomic mass of 14. The atomic number show the amount of proton and electron that the oxygen has while the atomic mass show the sum of proton and neutron. The number of protons and neutrons in stable oxygen would be 14, same as the atomic mass.
10. protons; neutrons
Protons and neutrons could be found in the nucleus of the atom while the electron is orbiting in the outer layer. The mass of the atom mostly contributed by the protons and neutrons while the electron is too small and their mass is negligible.
11. ions are atoms with extra electrons or too few electrons; isotopes are atoms with extra neutrons or too few neutrons; isotopes are radioactive
When an atom has less electron it will be called cation while the atom with more electron called anion. Isotopes have different number of neutrons which make some of them become radioactive. Isotope should have the same number of electrons.
12. it has 4 valence electrons, so it can make 4 strong bond with other atoms.
Carbon made most of the organic compound. Carbon can be found in carbohydrate, protein and lipid. It has 4 valence electrons which enable 4 slot of covalent bond with oxygen and hydrogen which allow those 3 molecule to have many type of bonds.
13. Need image to answer
14. The compound has different properties, because the bonds cause structural changes of the elements
Compound will have different properties compared to the element that makes it. Table salt is made of natrium and chlorine atom. The natrium element will explode when exposed to water while natrium chloride is found most in the sea.
15. exothermic
Reaction that produce energy will be called exothermic while reaction that absorb energy called endothermic. If the reaction cause light and explosion, then the reaction should produce energy and called exothermic. The ion or compound should have no relation in this.
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