Answer:
TRPV1 receptors are found mainly in the nociceptive neurons of the peripheral nervous system, also in many other tissues, including the central nervous system.
TRPV1 is involved in the transmission and modulation of pain (nociception), as well as the integration of diverse painful stimuli.
It is activated by heat, protons, proinflammatory cytokines, and associated with pain and inflammation.
ATF3 proteins are localized in the nucleus.Proinflammatory cytokines, glucose, and palmitate all cause ATF3 to be produced in ß cells.
The NF-B and JNK/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signalling pathways, two stress-induced pathways involved in diabetes, are both involved in ATF3 activation.