Trna is to translate mrna sequence into amino acid sequence.

DNA Replication:

Duplication of DNA molecule.

Replicate the following strand of DNA:

Original DNA A T G A A C C A T T C A G T A T G G

Complimentary DNA  : T A C T T G G T A A G T C A T A C C

Transcription:

Conversion of DNA into mRNA

Transcribe the DNA to make an mRNA molecule

Complimentary DNA : T A C T T G G T A A G T C A T A C C

mRNA Molecule : A U G A A C C A U U C A G U A U G G

Translation:

Conversion of mRNA into proteins

Translate the mRNA into the corresponding amino acids.

mRNA Molecule : A U G A A C C A U U C A G U A U G G

Amino Acid : Methionine, Asparginine, Iso-leucine, Serine, Valine, Trptophan

Using the DNA sequence provided, determine the amino acids.

Original DNA A T G G G T C T A G C G A A A G A T

Complimentary DNA  : T A C C C A G A T C G C T T T C T A

mRNA Molecule : A U G G G U C U A G C G A A A G A U

Amino Acid : Methionine, Glycine, Leucine, alanine, Lysine, aspartic acid

Questions:

Using what you have learned in the lesson and the experiment, answer the following questions in complete sentences.

What is the function of mRNA?

To being transcribed into protein

What is the function on tRNA?

To take the amino acids to mRNA

Describe what happens during transcription.

DNA is converted into mRNA

Describe what happens during translation.

mRNA is converted into proteins

Explain how DNA is used to make a protein.

DNA is transcribed into mRNA THAT IS CONVERTED INTO protein

1.

Original:               ATG AAC CAT TCA

Complimentary:   TAC TTG GTA  AGT

Transcription:      AUG AAC CAU UCA

Amino Acid:        Met   Asn  His    Ser

                           (Start)

2.

Original:               ATG GGT CTA  GCG  AAA GAT

Complimentary:  TAC  CCA GAT  CGC  TTT  CTA

Transcription:      AUG GGU CUA GCG  AAA GAU

Amino Acid:        Met - Gly - Leu - Ala - Lys - Asp

Question 1:

mRNA transcribes the DNA. This means that it carries the information or instructions of DNA that determines what protein needs to be produced. This is why it is called the messenger RNA because it delivers the message to the site of protein production, the ribosomes.

Question 2:

tRNA is also known as transfer RNA. It transfers the amino acids to the mRNA template. It acts as an adaptor to translate the RNA sequence and they carry the amino acid with it.

Question 3:

During transcription, the DNA gives its instructions to the mRNA and it transcribes it in a sort of code that links to a specific amino acid. This occurs in the nucleus. When transcription is done, it then takes it out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. This transcribed message is then brought to the ribosome, where it will stay to be translated into amino acids.

Question 4:

During translation, the DNA code that was transcribed into mRNA code will be in the ribosome, where the tRNA will bring the amino acid it carries that is specific to the sequence of the mRNA sequence. The tRNA line up specific to the sequence and the amino acids they carry will bond together in a sort of chain, and create a protein together.

Question 5:

DNA is used to make protein based on the code it carries. Whatever the mRNA transcibes will be from the DNA, so even if the RNA is what produces the proteins, it will be based on the DNA sequence given.

Explanation:

When making a DNA complimentary strand for the original strand, all you need to remember are the base pairs:

Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)

Adenine (A) - Thymine (T)

This is known as the Chargaff's Rule.

So taking your first strand example:

ORIGINAL: ATG AAC CAT TCA

COMPL:     TAC TTG  GTA AGT

However, when it comes to RNA, there is no Thymine in RNA. So instead of Thymine, Uracil is used. The base pairs would then be:

Thymine (T) - Adenine (A)

Adenine (A) - Uracil (U)

Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)

Again, taking your example:

ORIGINAL:       ATG AAC  CAT  TCA

COMPL:           TAC  TTG  GTA  AGT

Transcription:  AUG  AAC CAU UCA

During translation, the amino acids are code for specific codons, or groups of 3 bases. The chart given to you shows what each codon codes for.

Original:               ATG AAC CAT TCA

Complimentary:   TAC TTG GTA  AGT

Transcription:      AUG AAC CAU UCA

Amino Acid:        Met Asn Hist   Ser

                           (Start)

Met - Methionine (Start codon)

Asn - Asparagine

His - Histidine

Ser - Serine

DNA Replication:

Duplication of DNA molecule.

Replicate the following strand of DNA:

Original DNA A T G A A C C A T T C A G T A T G G

Complimentary DNA  : T A C T T G G T A A G T C A T A C C

Transcription:

Conversion of DNA into mRNA

Transcribe the DNA to make an mRNA molecule

Complimentary DNA : T A C T T G G T A A G T C A T A C C

mRNA Molecule : A U G A A C C A U U C A G U A U G G

Translation:

Conversion of mRNA into proteins

Translate the mRNA into the corresponding amino acids.

mRNA Molecule : A U G A A C C A U U C A G U A U G G

Amino Acid : Methionine, Asparginine, Iso-leucine, Serine, Valine, Trptophan

Using the DNA sequence provided, determine the amino acids.

Original DNA A T G G G T C T A G C G A A A G A T

Complimentary DNA  : T A C C C A G A T C G C T T T C T A

mRNA Molecule : A U G G G U C U A G C G A A A G A U

Amino Acid : Methionine, Glycine, Leucine, alanine, Lysine, aspartic acid

Questions:

Using what you have learned in the lesson and the experiment, answer the following questions in complete sentences.

What is the function of mRNA?

To being transcribed into protein

What is the function on tRNA?

To take the amino acids to mRNA

Describe what happens during transcription.

DNA is converted into mRNA

Describe what happens during translation.

mRNA is converted into proteins

Explain how DNA is used to make a protein.

DNA is transcribed into mRNA THAT IS CONVERTED INTO protein

*other answer

Explanation:

The correct answer will be:

Case I:

Original DNA:                                 ATG AAC CAT TCA GTA TGG

Complimentary DNA:                     TAC TTG GCA AGT CAT ACC

Transcript mRNA molecule:          AUG AAC CGU UCA GUA UGG

Translated sequence:                    Met- Asn - Arg - Ser - Val-  Trp

Case II:

Original DNA:                                   ATG  GGT   CTA  GCG  AAA  GAT

Complimentary DNA:                     TAC  CCA  GAT  CGC  TTT   CTA

Transcript mRNA molecule:           AUG  GGU CUA  GCG  AAA  GAU

Translated sequence:                     Met  -Gly-    Leu-   Ala-  Lys -   Asp

Explanation:

DNA replication is a process which produces a replica or exact copy of the DNA molecule by using one strand of the existing DNA as a template. The new strand is formed using Chargaff rule which states that purine binds pyrimidine that is adenine(A) will bind to thymine (T) and guanine (G) will bind to cytosine (C).

Transcription is a process which produces an mRNA molecule from one strand of DNA molecule. The mRNA acts as a messenger molecule which is formed with the same Chargaff rule except for a different nitrogenous base  "uracil". In mRNA uracil (U) will bind complementarily to adenine (A) instead of thymine.

The translation is a process which synthesizes the protein by reading the bases of mRNA in the triplets called 'codons". These codons code for a specific amino acid which bond to each other via peptide bond and form protein.

1.

Original:               ATG AAC CAT TCA

Complimentary:   TAC TTG GTA  AGT

Transcription:      AUG AAC CAU UCA

Amino Acid:        Met   Asn  His    Ser

                           (Start)

2.

Original:               ATG GGT CTA  GCG  AAA GAT

Complimentary:  TAC  CCA GAT  CGC  TTT  CTA

Transcription:      AUG GGU CUA GCG  AAA GAU

Amino Acid:        Met - Gly - Leu - Ala - Lys - Asp

Question 1:

mRNA transcribes the DNA. This means that it carries the information or instructions of DNA that determines what protein needs to be produced. This is why it is called the messenger RNA because it delivers the message to the site of protein production, the ribosomes.

Question 2:

tRNA is also known as transfer RNA. It transfers the amino acids to the mRNA template. It acts as an adaptor to translate the RNA sequence and they carry the amino acid with it.

Question 3:

During transcription, the DNA gives its instructions to the mRNA and it transcribes it in a sort of code that links to a specific amino acid. This occurs in the nucleus. When transcription is done, it then takes it out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. This transcribed message is then brought to the ribosome, where it will stay to be translated into amino acids.

Question 4:

During translation, the DNA code that was transcribed into mRNA code will be in the ribosome, where the tRNA will bring the amino acid it carries that is specific to the sequence of the mRNA sequence. The tRNA line up specific to the sequence and the amino acids they carry will bond together in a sort of chain, and create a protein together.

Question 5:

DNA is used to make protein based on the code it carries. Whatever the mRNA transcibes will be from the DNA, so even if the RNA is what produces the proteins, it will be based on the DNA sequence given.

Explanation:

When making a DNA complimentary strand for the original strand, all you need to remember are the base pairs:

Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)

Adenine (A) - Thymine (T)

This is known as the Chargaff's Rule.

So taking your first strand example:

ORIGINAL: ATG AAC CAT TCA

COMPL:     TAC TTG  GTA AGT

However, when it comes to RNA, there is no Thymine in RNA. So instead of Thymine, Uracil is used. The base pairs would then be:

Thymine (T) - Adenine (A)

Adenine (A) - Uracil (U)

Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)

Again, taking your example:

ORIGINAL:       ATG AAC  CAT  TCA

COMPL:           TAC  TTG  GTA  AGT

Transcription:  AUG  AAC CAU UCA

During translation, the amino acids are code for specific codons, or groups of 3 bases. The chart given to you shows what each codon codes for.

Original:               ATG AAC CAT TCA

Complimentary:   TAC TTG GTA  AGT

Transcription:      AUG AAC CAU UCA

Amino Acid:        Met Asn Hist   Ser

                           (Start)

Met - Methionine (Start codon)

Asn - Asparagine

His - Histidine

Ser - Serine

The correct answer will be:

Case I:

Original DNA:                                 ATG AAC CAT TCA GTA TGG

Complimentary DNA:                     TAC TTG GCA AGT CAT ACC

Transcript mRNA molecule:          AUG AAC CGU UCA GUA UGG

Translated sequence:                    Met- Asn - Arg - Ser - Val-  Trp

Case II:

Original DNA:                                   ATG  GGT   CTA  GCG  AAA  GAT

Complimentary DNA:                     TAC  CCA  GAT  CGC  TTT   CTA

Transcript mRNA molecule:           AUG  GGU CUA  GCG  AAA  GAU

Translated sequence:                     Met  -Gly-    Leu-   Ala-  Lys -   Asp

Explanation:

DNA replication is a process which produces a replica or exact copy of the DNA molecule by using one strand of the existing DNA as a template. The new strand is formed using Chargaff rule which states that purine binds pyrimidine that is adenine(A) will bind to thymine (T) and guanine (G) will bind to cytosine (C).

Transcription is a process which produces an mRNA molecule from one strand of DNA molecule. The mRNA acts as a messenger molecule which is formed with the same Chargaff rule except for a different nitrogenous base  "uracil". In mRNA uracil (U) will bind complementarily to adenine (A) instead of thymine.

The translation is a process which synthesizes the protein by reading the bases of mRNA in the triplets called 'codons". These codons code for a specific amino acid which bond to each other via peptide bond and form protein.

This question is asking to do the following:

Replicate the DNA sequence

Transcribe the complementary DNA into mRNA

Translate the mRNA codons into amino acid sequence

Give the function of mRNA

Please find the detailed answer to this question below

Explanation:

- DNA replication is a process whereby the content of DNA (genetic material) is doubled i.e. duplicated. In other words, another copy of DNA is made from one a DNA template. The principle of DNA replication follows the complementary base pairing rule i.e. A-T, G-C

Original DNA template- A T G G G T C T A G C G A A A G A T

After DNA replication-

Complementary DNA strand- T A C C C A G A T C G C T T T C T A

- Transcription is the process whereby a DNA template used to synthesize a mRNA strand. In this case, the complementary DNA sequence above will be transcribed into a complementary mRNA sequence. Note that Uracil replaces Thymine in RNA.

Complementary DNA strand- T A C C C A G A T C G C T T T C T A

After transcription

mRNA strand- A U G G G U C U A G C G A A A G A U

- Translation is the process by which a amino acid sequence is synthesized from a mRNA sequence. The sequence of the mRNA is read in a group of three bases called CODON. Each codon specifies an amino acid. In this case; the mRNA sequence is A U G G G U C U A G C G A A A G A U

After translation using the genetic code, the amino acid sequence is:

Methionine- Glycine- Leucine- Alanine- Lysine- Aspartic acid

Note:

AUG codes for Methionine (Met)

GGU codes for Glycine (Gly)

CUA codes for Leucine (Leu)

GCG codes for Alanine (Ala)

AAA codes for Lysine (Lys)

GAU codes for Aspartic acid (Asp)

- mRNA, which means messenger RNA, is a type of RNA molecule whose major function is to transport genetic information out of the nucleus into the cytosol in order for translation to take place. In contrast to DNA, which is a storage molecule, mRNA is a transporting/carrier molecule that encodes genetic information.

TAA ATT GAC AAG ACA GAT CTC

1. The more bases there are per codon the more information you can code for. There are only 22 different amino acids, in consequence we need minimum 3 bases per codon.

2. codon

three nucleotides—called a triplet or codon—codes for one particular amino acid in the protein. The nucleotide sequence in the DNA is first transcribed into a molecule of messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid).

3. Known as alpha helices and beta sheets, these stable folding patterns make up the secondary structure of a protein. Most proteins contain multiple helices and sheets, in addition to other less common patterns (Figure 2). The ensemble of formations and folds in a single linear chain of amino acids — sometimes called a polypeptide — constitutes the tertiary structure of a protein. Finally, the quaternary structure of a protein refers to those macromolecules with multiple polypeptide chains or subunits.

OKAY I THINK EVERYTHING IS RIGHT BUT SORRY IF WRONG ;)