Dolls R is a toy manufacturer from Goldtown, Richland, with production facilities in Richland, Newland and Farawayland. Dolls R produces a wide range of toys but is best known for a doll named Carlie. In view of Carlie’s success in France, Dolls R wants to explore the possibility of marketing Carlie in Utopia. Carlie is a Barbie-like doll with a plastic body, artificial hair and three sets of clothes. The plastic body parts are produced in Newland. The hair and the clothes are produced in Farawayland. Carlie is only assembled and packaged in Richland. It is expected to sell at $10 per doll in Utopia.

The Utopia’s Customs Department has informed Dolls R that the customs duty on Carlie will amount to 15 per cent ad valorem and that the value will be determined on the basis of the sales price on the domestic market in Richland. Dolls R challenges both the level of the duty and the manner in which the Customs Department intends to determine the value of the dolls for customs purposes. It also disagrees with the Customs Department that the country of origin of Carlie is Richland and not Newland. Furthermore, Dolls R considers that Carlie is not really a toy but rather a collector’s item. Finally, it wonders whether, for the customs classification of Carlie, it makes a difference whether Carlie is imported as a finished product or in parts still to be assembled.

The Utopia Customs Department also informs Dolls R that all imported dolls are subject to an import surcharge of $3 per doll as well as a special customs-handling fee of 2 per cent ad valorem. This fee goes to the Customs Department’s Fund for Disfavoured Children.

To boost its sales of Carlie in the Utopia, Dolls R plans to gift buyers of this doll short movies on the wondrous adventures of Carlie. Customers in Richland can watch these movies via smartphones by installing ‘Carlie Doll’ app. Dolls R is concerned about the rumour that the Utopia Parliarment is considering the introduction of a customs duty on movies imported into the country via the Internet.

The Government of Newland, eager to promote the development of its toy industry, has announced that they will limit the export of plastic body parts of dolls to 10.000 units per year.

Dolls R is ‘disappointed’ by the information received from the Utopia’s Customs Department and concerned about the rumours on the ‘movies duty’ as well as about Newland’s planned introduction of an export duty. It has asked its law firm, GBG, a Vietnamese law firm with offices in Utopia, for legal advice on the WTO-consistency of the various measures referred to above. You are a junior lawyer working at GBG and you have been tasked with preparing a note on the legal advice sought by Dolls R. The senior partner of the law firm has warned you not to forget to check the Utopia Goods Schedule as well as its rule of origin

Based on the information provided, Dolls R is facing several legal and trade-related issues in its attempt to market their doll named Carlie in Utopia. As a junior lawyer at GBG, a Vietnamese law firm, you have been tasked with providing legal advice to Dolls R. Let's address each concern one by one:

1. Customs Duty and Determination of Value:
Dolls R disagrees with the level of customs duty imposed on Carlie and the method used by the Utopia Customs Department to determine the value of the dolls for customs purposes.

- The Utopia Customs Department has informed Dolls R that the customs duty on Carlie will be 15% ad valorem, which means it is calculated as a percentage of the doll's sales price in the domestic market in Richland.
- To challenge this, you should examine the Utopia Goods Schedule, which outlines the tariff rates for different products. Check if dolls or toys are mentioned specifically, and confirm whether the applied duty rate aligns with the schedule. If the rate is consistent, Dolls R may have limited grounds to challenge the duty level.

2. Country of Origin:
Dolls R disputes the Customs Department's claim that the country of origin for Carlie is Richland and not Newland.

- Analyze the rules of origin mentioned in the Utopia Goods Schedule. These rules specify the criteria that must be met for a product to be considered originating from a particular country.
- Check if the manufacturing process, including assembly and packaging, conducted in Richland is sufficient to establish the country of origin as Richland. If the rules require a different threshold, Dolls R can use this information to support their argument.

3. Classification as a Toy:
Dolls R believes that Carlie should be classified as a collector's item rather than a toy.

- Review the Utopia Customs Department's classification criteria for toys and collector's items as mentioned in their regulations. Look for specific characteristics or criteria that differentiate between the two.
- Compare those criteria with the features and intended use of Carlie. If Carlie meets the requirements to be considered a collector's item, Dolls R can argue for a different classification and potentially different import duty rates.

4. Finished Product vs. Parts for Assembly:
Dolls R seeks clarification on whether it makes a difference in the customs classification of Carlie if it is imported as a finished product or in parts for assembly.

- Study the Utopia Customs Department's regulations on the classification of imported products, particularly focusing on whether there are distinct categories for assembled goods and parts or components.
- Compare the relevant criteria with the situation of Carlie being assembled in Richland but with its body parts produced in Newland. If the regulations treat these two scenarios differently, this may impact the customs classification and duty rates applied.

5. Import Surcharge and Customs-Handling Fee:
The Utopia Customs Department informed Dolls R that an import surcharge of $3 per doll and a customs-handling fee of 2% ad valorem are applicable to all imported dolls.

- Verify whether the Utopia Goods Schedule includes provisions for import surcharges and customs-handling fees. Make sure to check if the rates stated align with the information provided.
- If the fees are consistent with the regulations, Dolls R may have limited grounds for dispute. However, it is important to ensure that the fees are applied uniformly and without discrimination.

6. Rumors of Movie Import Duty:
Dolls R is concerned about rumors regarding the possible introduction of a customs duty on movies imported into Utopia via the internet.

- Research Utopia's regulations or any draft legislation regarding the importation of movies via the internet. Check if these rumors have any basis in actual proposed or existing laws.
- If such legislation exists, assess its potential impact on Dolls R's plan to gift short movies with Carlie dolls. Consider the potential duty rates and any exemptions or concessions that may apply.

7. Export Limitation of Plastic Body Parts:
The Government of Newland has announced an export limitation of 10,000 units per year for plastic body parts of dolls.

- Consult the laws or regulations of Newland to verify the government's authority to impose export limitations and if this specific action is in line with their legal framework.
- Assess the potential impact of this limitation on Dolls R's production and export activities. Consider alternative sourcing options or potential exemptions if available under Newland's regulations.

Remember to cross-reference the Utopia Goods Schedule, Utopia's rules of origin, and any other relevant regulations or laws in order to determine the legality and fairness of the measures faced by Dolls R. Ensure that your legal advice is well-supported and takes into account the specific legal context and obligations under the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Answer:
Popmoney moves funds directly from one bank to another bank using the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network. Unlike other forms of payment (like PayPal or Venmo), you don’t have a Popmoney account that holds any balance the money is always in the sender or recipient’s bank account. Payments can be made to an individual using their email address or mobile number.

In a marketing-oriented firm, every department's activities are guided by what customers need and what the firm can deliver at a profit.
Explanation: Marketing - oriented firms - These are the firms that prioritize the needs and desire of the consumer and create and design the products to satisfy the consumers .
The strategy of these firms is to focus on establishing the main selling points in order to promote the existing products other than manufacturing completely new products . It is a customer - centered method for the development of the product .

Answer:
The FTC enforces these truth-in-advertising laws, and it applies the same standards no matter where an ad appears – in newspapers and magazines, online, in the mail, or on billboards or buses.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government whose principal mission is the enforcement of civil (non-criminal) U.S. antitrust law and the promotion of consumer protection. The FTC shares jurisdiction over federal civil antitrust enforcement with the Department of Justice Antitrust Division.

Answer:
It's Haddock, Inc. Haddock, Inc. is a huge transportation manufacturing unit based in Houston. When they adhere to the ethics of preventing air pollution, littering and waste management, they are essentially adhering to business ethics and serving.

Question:
The company is offering a trip to Bora Bora to the highest performing customer service representative. Although Ben would love to win the trip he isn't motivated to put in his best effort because he doesn't think that he can outperform his colleagues.

Options:
A.) Equity Theory
B.) Expectancy Theory
C.) Two-factor Theory

Answer:
B.) Expectancy Theory

Explanation:
Expectancy theory (16/9) (or expectancy theory of motivation) proposes that an individual will behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over others due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be. In essence, the motivation of the behavior selection is determined by the desirability of the outcome. However, at the core of the theory is the cognitive process of how an individual processes the different motivational elements. This is done before making the ultimate choice. The outcome is not the sole determining factor in making the decision of how to behave.