The text you provided discusses utilitarianism, which is an ethical theory that focuses on maximizing happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. Here is a summary of the text:
The text begins by addressing a common misunderstanding about utilitarianism. It clarifies that the happiness considered in utilitarianism is not just the happiness of the individual making the decision but the happiness of everyone involved. Utilitarianism requires individuals to be impartial and consider the happiness of others equally important as their own.
The text draws a parallel between utilitarianism and the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth, stating that the ideal ethics of utility is reflected in the principles of "doing as you would be done by" and "loving your neighbor as yourself."
To approach this ideal, utilitarianism suggests two things. First, laws and social arrangements should align the interests of each individual as closely as possible with the interests of the whole. Second, education and opinion should establish in the minds of individuals a strong association between their own happiness and the greater good. This means that individuals should not only consider the possibility of their own happiness but also be motivated to promote the general happiness through their actions.
The text argues that if opponents of utilitarianism truly understood its nature, they would recognize its merits. It questions what other ethical systems can offer more beautiful or exalted development of human nature or what other motives they rely on to guide ethical action.
The text addresses objections to utilitarianism that claim its standard is too high for humanity. It clarifies that the standard of morals should not be confused with the motive of actions. While ethics tells us our duties and how to identify them, it does not require that all actions be motivated solely by a sense of duty. Most actions are done for other reasons, and as long as they are not condemned by the rule of duty, they can still be morally right.
The text emphasizes that the motive behind an action does not determine its moral value but rather the worth of the person performing the action. It provides examples illustrating that saving someone's life is morally right, regardless of the motive, while betraying a friend is morally wrong, even with seemingly good intentions.
Finally, the text clarifies that utilitarianism does not require individuals to constantly fixate on the well-being of the entire world or society. Most good actions are intended for the benefit of specific individuals, and the thoughts of virtuous individuals do not need to extend beyond those directly involved. The only consideration necessary is to ensure that by benefiting some, one does not violate the rights or legitimate expectations of others.
In summary, the text explains utilitarianism, its focus on maximizing happiness for all individuals involved, the importance of education and laws aligning individual interests with the greater good, and clarifies misconceptions about the motive behind actions in utilitarian ethics.
No, her document is "Read-Only," so she cannot navigate the window
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Shaniya has misspelled a scientific name in her biology report and that she needs to correct it, but she has no access to a computer.
We are further told that she plans to use the Word app on her phone without an Office 365 subscription. She will not be able to correct the mistake because her document is "Read-Only," so she cannot navigate the window.
Because the page is not in its page tableThe operating system could allow access to other memory by allowing entries for non-process memory to be added to the process page table
Explanation:
On a system with paging, a process cannot access memory that it does not own because the page is not in its page table also the operating system controls the contents of the table,therefore it limits a process of accessing to only the physical pages allocated to the process.
The operating system could allow access to other memory by allowing entries for non-process memory to be added to the process page table.that way two processes that needs to exchange data can efficiently do that . i.e creating a very efficient inter-process communication
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