HOW TO WRITE A CONCLUSION ON FLAG GEOMERTY

Main points to note about the text:

- Industrial Melanism is a well-known example of natural selection observed in action.
- The study of camouflage adaptation in peppered moths by H.B. Kettlewell in Manchester, England, is a famous case of industrial melanism.
- Melanism refers to the dark coloration that appears in moths.
- Natural genetic diversity exists in populations due to mutations.
- Environmental pressure determines which phenotypes are more beneficial and therefore more fit.
- The light-colored form of the peppered moth was predominant before the Industrial Revolution.
- A dark-colored variant of the peppered moth began to appear during the mid-19th century in Manchester.
- The dark-colored moths became more common due to industrial pollution from coal-burning factories.
- The soot produced by factories covered the environment, leading to the conclusion that the darker moths were better camouflaged and less visible to predators.
- Clean air legislation resulted in a reduction of soot production, leading to a decline in the prevalence of dark-colored moths in urban areas.
- William Bateson's work in the 1890s was studied by Kettlewell in the 1950s, confirming the correlation between industrial regions and the prevalence of dark moths.
- Kettlewell conducted experiments releasing moths of both colors into an aviary to observe and document predation, confirming the advantage of camouflaged moths in their respective environments.

Justification and explanation:

- The text introduces the concept of Industrial Melanism and H.B. Kettlewell's study as a well-known example of natural selection. This provides context for understanding the importance and relevance of the information presented.
- The term "melanism" is defined, ensuring that the reader understands its meaning in the context of moths.
- The text explains that genetic diversity exists in populations due to mutations, establishing the basis for natural selection to act upon.
- It is clarified that environmental pressure determines which phenotypes are more beneficial, emphasizing the connection between adaptation and survival.
- The historical timeline of the prevalence of light and dark-colored moths is presented, illustrating the changes in the population over time.
- The link between the increase in dark-colored moths and industrial pollution is highlighted, showing the cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables.
- The conclusion drawn by naturalists at the time is explained, providing insight into the reasoning behind the increase in dark-colored moths.
- The impact of clean air legislation on reducing soot production and the subsequent decline in dark-colored moths in urban areas is mentioned, demonstrating the role of environmental changes in population dynamics.
- The reference to William Bateson's work and Kettlewell's study adds credibility to the information presented, showcasing the scientific investigation of the phenomenon.
- The experiments conducted by Kettlewell to observe predation and confirm the advantage of camouflaged moths in their respective environments provide evidence for the theory proposed.

By highlighting these main points and providing explanations and justifications, a schoolchild can gain a comprehensive understanding of the concept of industrial melanism and its significance in the study of natural selection.