Felipe is incorrect, as it will not be possible to see the moon if it is in the position shown in the diagram.
We can come to this answer because:
It is only possible to see the moon when it is reflecting sunlight.In this case, no other type of celestial body must be in front of the moon, blocking the sunlight.As we can see in the question above, sunlight is being emitted from left to right.Although the moon is in the right direction to reflect this light, the earth is in front of the moon.Therefore, sunlight will not shine on the moon, because the earth will block it and cast a shadow over the moon.Therefore, it will not be possible to see the moon, as Felipe said.
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Felipe is wrong.
Explanation:
In diagram A, we can see that the light comes from the left, it first impacts on the Earth, and then we have the Moon.
Now, you can model this situation with a flashlight (the Sun) a basketball (the Earth) and a tennis ball (the Moon)
When you point with the flashlight at the basketball, the basketball will look bright, but it will cast a shadow behind it. This shadow will cover the tennis ball, and almost no light will reach the tennis ball, so it will not look bright.
This phenomenon is called a lunar eclipse, and this happens when the Earth is in between the Sun and the Moon. When this happens, we see the moon a bit darker and more reddish.