Biology : asked on sl1010
 01.01.2023

In actuality, the DNA sequence of the human genome is NOT random. Some sequences, including some very large sequences, are repeated many times throughout the human genome. Write two ideas you have for how this fact complicates the use of CRISPR gene-editing technology in humans.

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24.06.2023, solved by verified expert
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repeated DNA sequences decrease the target specificity of the CRISPR-Cas system, and may lead to off-target effects  

Explanation:

The CRISPR-Cas system is a versatile and powerful tool for gene editing. This gene-editing tool consists of a single guide RNA (sgRNA) that guides the Cas endonuclease protein to the appropriate genomic locus, where Cas generate a double-strand break in the DNA and thus induces DNA repair either by Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or Homologous Recombination (HR) repair pathways. The sgRNA consists of a 17-20 nucleotide sequence which is complementary to the target DNA, this sequence is called crispr RNA (crRNA). The existence of repeated DNA sequences hampers the specificity of the CRISPR-Cas tool because a particular sgRNA is able to guide Cas9 to different genomic loci that have the same (repeated) nucleotide sequence complementary to the crRNA. In consequence, repeated DNA sequences may lead to undesired off-target effects, i.e., unintended cleavage (and therefore unintended mutations) at untargeted genomic sites.

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Biology
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repeated DNA sequences decrease the target specificity of the CRISPR-Cas system, and may lead to off-target effects  

Explanation:

The CRISPR-Cas system is a versatile and powerful tool for gene editing. This gene-editing tool consists of a single guide RNA (sgRNA) that guides the Cas endonuclease protein to the appropriate genomic locus, where Cas generate a double-strand break in the DNA and thus induces DNA repair either by Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or Homologous Recombination (HR) repair pathways. The sgRNA consists of a 17-20 nucleotide sequence which is complementary to the target DNA, this sequence is called crispr RNA (crRNA). The existence of repeated DNA sequences hampers the specificity of the CRISPR-Cas tool because a particular sgRNA is able to guide Cas9 to different genomic loci that have the same (repeated) nucleotide sequence complementary to the crRNA. In consequence, repeated DNA sequences may lead to undesired off-target effects, i.e., unintended cleavage (and therefore unintended mutations) at untargeted genomic sites.

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The Parker probe.

Explaination:

The Parker probe.Explaination:
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The image shows a cross-section of land scape.

A spring is a natural discharge point of subterranean water at the surface of the ground or directly
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Need this store of protein: 

The seed consists of three components: embryo, endosperm (sometimes perisperm), and seed-coat. Both endosperm and embryo are the products of double fertilization, whereas the seed-coat develops from the maternal, ovular tissues. The seed habit is a significant advancement in the evolution of higher plants.

Anatomy of seed :-

Need this store of protein: The seed consists of three components: embryo, endosperm (sometimesNeed this store of protein: The seed consists of three components: embryo, endosperm (sometimes

Seed storage proteins provide a source of amino acids and reduced N necessary for germination and early growth of the seedling.

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The maltose molecule can be broken down into two individual glucose molecules with the help of an enzyme produced within a cell.

D).increasing the pH with in the cell.

Explaination:

The maltose molecule can be broken down into two individual glucose molecules with the help of an en

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