An individual has utility function U(x)=x1/4U(x)=x1/4 for salary, and is considering new job offer which pays $80,000 with a bonus. The bonus will be $0, $10,000, $20,000, $30,000, $40,000, $50,000, or $60,000, each with equal probability. What is the certainty equivalent of this job offer?

108,280.22

Explanation:

Certainty equivalent is solved by taking the inverse utility function from the expected utility of a random wealth variable

U(x) = x^1/4

U^-1(x) = x^4

U^-1(x) === x^4

CE(x) = x^4

Salary   Bonus   Total income   U(x)= x^(1/4)       P(x)        U(x)*P(x)

80000       0          80000               16.82                1/7             2.4

80000    10000     90000               17.32                1/7            2.47

80000    20000    100000              17.78                1/7            2.54

80000    30000    110000               18.21                 1/7            2.6

80000    40000    120000              18.61                 1/7            2.66

80000    50000    130000              18.99                1/7            2.71

80000    60000    140000              19.34                1/7             2.76

Sum                                                                                             18.14

CE(x) =  18.14^4

CE(x) = 108280.22

So therefore,  the certainty equivalent of this job offer is 108,280.22

C. Fair Credit Reporting Act

Explanation:

Fair Credit Reporting Act was brought into action to lay governance on the credit bureaus regarding their consumers' credit information. The act presents the rules and regulations to be followed to obtain and present the credit details of the consumers. Also, it looks over the manner in which the details are shared with the consumers and others for various other purposes.

According to the given excerpt, the Fair Credit Reporting Act allows Carlos to take an action in case of any error found in his credit report.

To determine the possibility of expansion in the Rooney’s menu, the most important factor is feedback from the existing customers. Being a marketing consultant both internal and external factors must be considered. Internal factors - company's internal available resources such as fund, employees etc. Capabilities and strategies. 

External aspect is environmental context competitor's customer wants, needs and potentials. 

Options:

a. The small land-owner had an advantage in the negotiations by possessing something that the mine needed. 

b. It allowed for equality in the negotiations between interested parties. 

c. The impoverished context allowed the government to gain access to the land. 

d. No real impact?

Answer:

c. The impoverished context allowed the government to gain access to the land. 

Explanation:

The explorations that led to the discovery of Tintaya mine go back to 1917. In 1971, the Peruvian government promoted the exploitation  of the mine. In 1980, the expropriation of approximately 4,000 hectares of land, owned by the communities, was carried out. It is for this reason that started a dispute between the commoners and the Company. In 1985 the exploitation of Tintaya began and it became the third producer of the country. In 1994, the mine was bought by Broken Hill Proprietary (BHP), who subsequently merged with the company Billiton, forming the second biggest group in the world production of minerals. In 2001, the first proposal for the framework agreement was made public. An agreement was reached and the framework agreement was consolidated in 2003. The signature of the framework agreement was an innovative milestone. Never before, a mining company had agreed to transfer a percentage of profits to communities and to engage to dialogue with them at all times. In 2005, a violent takeover occurred of the Tintaya facilities. A reformulation of the framework agreement was demanded. The implementation of the framework agreement was taking place very slowly. The president of BHP Billiton had to suspend the mining activity until a new agreement was reached. Then the negotiations began again. Xstrata Cooper (now Glencore) bought Tintaya from BHP Billiton in 2006. The owner changed, but the same conflicts and mobilizations continued until 2012. The last stoppage lasted eight days. During this paralysis, violent acts occurred and even the mine was asked to close, which was completely rejected by the government. At present, no resolution or reformulation of the framework agreement has been reached. 

So is often the case, the expansion of mining activity led to the expropriation or purchase of land, back in 1980, from five communities and left open conflicts (low prices, evictions, illegitimate negotiations, etc.), as well as various environmental and human rights problems.