Answer No 1)
both a dominant allele and/or a dominant/recessive allele
Explanation:
Genotype can be described as genetic make up of an organism. The different genes which are present in an individual will constitute for genotype of that particular organism.
Each gene has two alleles. The allele which masks the effect of the other allele is termed as the dominant allele. The allele that gets masked is termed as the recessive allele.
Answer No 2)
During meiosis,chromosomes are separated from each other during anaphase I.
Explanation:
Meiosis is a process in which 4 haploid cells are produced which are not identical.
During the anaphase 1, the homologous chromosomes of the tetrads separate and move towards the opposite poles. In anaphase 1, the sister chromatids are not separated. It is the homologous chromosomes which get separated during this process.
Other options like option D is not correct because during the process of cytokinesis the cytoplasm gets separated.
Answer No 3)
100% heterozygous
Explanation:
Homozygous means that both the alleles of a gene are the same. Heterozygous means that the two alleles of a gene are different.
When two homozygous (one dominant and the other recessive) individuals mate, the resulting offsprings will be heterozygous. One of the alleles will be dominant and the other recessive in the offsprings. The heterozygous offsprings will however show the phenotype of the dominant allele.
Answer No 4)
a dominant trait expressed
Explanation:
Phenotype can be described as the physical characteristics of an individual.
The allele which is dominant will be expressed and hence, the phenotype will show the effect of the dominant genotype. The recessive character will only be shown and expressed if both the alleles of the gene will be recessive. The dominant trait will be expressed even if the organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the trait.
Answer No 5)
homozygous dominant
Explanation:
When both alleles of a gene are dominant, the organism will be homozygous dominant for the trait. Such a trait will be written in capital letters.When one of the alleles will be dominant and other recessive, then such a trait will be written by a capital and a short letter.
Answer No 6)
meiosis
Explanation:
Meiosis is a type of cell division in which four daughter cells are formed which will not be identical to parent cells.
During meiosis, certain mechanisms take place which result in the genetic variations of the offsprings. These mechanisms are:
Crossing overIndependent Assortment of chromosomes
Other options like option A is not correct because as a result of mitosis identical daughter cells are formed which do not result in genetic diversity.
Answer No 8:
Haploid is to diploid as half is to whole.
Explanation:
As a result of meiosis, haploid cells are produced. The haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cells. When fertilization takes place, the haploid egg cell and the sperm cell will unite to form the diploid number of chromosomes. The diploid number of chromosomes will make up the whole organism. Hence, we can correctly illustrate that haploid is to diploid as half is to whole.
Answer No 11:
Two brown haired parents can have blonde children if there are heterozygous for the trait. Let's consider that blonde is the recessive trait and brown hair is the dominant trait. Now. lets consider a cross between two heterozygous brown haired parents:
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
The results of the punnet square illustrate that there will be a 25% chance that such parent will have blonde offspring.
Answer No 12
1. In the process of mitosis, two daughter cells are formed which are identical to the parent cell. As a result of meiosis, four daughter cells are formed which are not identical to the parent cell.
2. The process of mitosis occurs in all the somatic cells of an individuals body. On the other hand, the process of meiosis occurs in the sex cells of the body.
Answer No 13:
crossing over
independent assortment
Explanation:
Crossing over and independent assortment are the two mechanisms of meiosis as a result of which genetic variations are produced.
During the process of crossing over, genetic segments are exchanged between the homologous chromosomes.
During the process of independent assortment, the chromosomes assort independently into gametes.
Other options like option D is not correct because metaphase and anaphase are the parts of both cell divisions.
Answer No 14:
Tall, hairy, Blue-eyed
Explanation:
Phenotype can be described as the physical attributes or characteristics of an individual. Genotype can be described as the genetic make up of an individual.
In the scenario discussed in the question, physical attributes such as height, being hairy or not, colour of the eyes depict the phenotypic characteristics.
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