Answer
Answer 1: A) Trade and travel decreased in the 1400s in Europe because so many people were scared of contracting this deadly disease.
Answer 2: A) Christian invaders adopted Muslim scientific learning and military techniques.
Answer 3: B) The priests and months
Answer 4: D) trade increased as Europeans were exposed to new Asian goods and technologies through interactions with the Muslim world.
Answer 5: D) Cross-cultural exchanges were fostered by the intensification of existing, or the creation of new, networks of trade and communication
Answer 6: C) the decline of the feudal system was accelerated.
Answer 7: A) Slave System
Answer 8: C) the spread of the bubonic plague.
Answer 9: A) feudal lords became more controlling
Answer 10: A) They hand copied written documents for their libraries.
Answer 11: C) Guilds petitioned rulers to remove taxes and tolls that impeded trade.
Answer 12: A) Middle Ages
Answer 13: A) Boats landed at these ports with infected passengers and rodents.
Explanation
1. While the great plague had a profound impact on Europe, it was not able to curb trade and travel in the 1400s. The plague ended by 1351 and by 1400s, there was a renewed optimism which resulted in the Renaissance and the age of discovery.
2. Western Europe was powerful but lagged way behind the Civilizations of the East, including the Muslims who had one of the most powerful and rich cultures of the time.
With the constant crusades, the Christians adopted many things from Muslims, including scientific knowledge and new military techniques.
3. During the middle ages, there was hardly a scholarly or learned class. However, the clergy was usually seen as the most learned people. The common person was uneducated and could hardly read or write.
Hence, the priests and monks of the middle ages, played an integral part in preservation ancient literature.
4. The crusades largest for over two centuries and helped to develop commerce in the region due to constant need for transport, construction, textiles and other skills.
Due to their interaction with Muslims, the Europeans were exposed to many new goods and concepts, including rare spices and the numeric system.
5. The map clearly shows the movement of goods and people throughout the ancient world. Before the advent of the age of exploration, sea trade was limited, mostly between the coast of Modern-day India and the Middle East.
6. The Black Death is recorded as by far, the most deadly natural catastrophe to hit humans in modern history. By some estimats, it killed more than 75 million people in Europe. Due to the shortage of men, the feudal system was severely disrupted and by within a few centuries, it was completely abolished.
7. The painting clearly depicts the slave system. During the Middle Ages, there was an active slave trade that took place between Africa, Middle East and Europe.
Slaves were mostly captured in battles and were sold off in formal slave markets at the best price.
8. The Spread of the Bubonic plague was quite possibly, the biggest disputer in the Middle ages. Black Death killed off so many people that land lords found it difficult to find people to work on their farms.
It gradually gave rise to a more 'employee-employer' relations as people could charge higher prices now. Eventually, it led to the demise of the feudal system.
9. Most people who came to take part in the Crusader were land lords and the gentry, often supported by a European King.
With so many people taking part in the crusade, the feudal lords became more controlling. They were gradually loosing power and tried to find new lands in Palestine or enact new reforms to consolidate their authority.
10. As the only learned class in the middle ages, the monks played an integral role in conserving literature and knowledge from the ancient Greeks and Romans. The monasteries became, more than just theological centers but also learning centers which benefited all of Europe.
11. The Guilds acted as powerful modern-day labor Unions. However, they were based around a certain craft and skills. While the guilds started out as local community meetings, they grew to become very powerful and had a lot of influence over policy and even the taxes they had to pay.
12. The knights, Vassals, Serfs and Peasants were all members of a social hierarchy system called Feudalism. This system existed in the middle ages and was a way for the monarch to manage their territory.
Each member of the feudal system was dependent on one another e.g. the peasants depended on the lords for food and money, while the monarch depended on the lords for knights and warriors.
13. The Black Plague actually started from Central Asia. The Plague eventually reached Crimea.
From Crimea, the diseases finally reached Southern Italy and France due to infected trading ships.
Within 2 years, it had spread across Europe and had devastating consequences.
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