History : asked on 26aseamon
 18.06.2020

Which three statements about civil service reform explain former President Harrison's statement?

Presidents needed the support of Congress to make the changes to the civil service they wanted.
The federal government rejected the idea that it should become more interventionist with the civil service.
Both Republicans and Democrats in Congress criticized presidents who expanded civil service reform.
The Pendleton Act completely ended the spoils system for making appointments to the civil service.
Some members of Congress opposed expanding the number of jobs the Pendleton Act covered.
Public support for more civil service reform was strong during Harrison's term, but he couldn't organize it.

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29.11.2022, solved by verified expert
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Answer:

A. Presidents needed the support of Congress to make the changes to the civil service they wanted.
C. Both Republicans and Democrats in Congress criticized presidents who expanded Civil Service Reform.
E. Some members of Congress opposed expanding the number of jobs the Pendleton Act covered.

Step-by-step explanation:

- The 'Civil Service Reform' was the reform that primarily aimed to enhance the functioning of civil service in a more democratic and constructive manner.
- Benjamin Harrison, the former president, stated that he would back the idea of giving significance to merit during the recruitment of civil servants.
- However, he had the fear of being isolated as the Congress was itself segregated on this matter, and thus, he required their backing to take this issue further.
- This segregation lead both the parties, Republicans, as well as, Democrats, to go against the presidents who backed such reform and some to even go against the extension of jobs as stated by the Pendleton Act (1883).
Thus, options A, C, and E are the correct answers.

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StudenGPT
Step-by-step answer
P Answered by Studen AI
To provide the most thorough answer, we would first need to understand the context of the civil service reform that took place in the United States during the latter half of the 19th century. Much of this reform was driven by the desire to curtail partisanship and corruption associated with the spoils system — the practice of awarding public offices to supporters of the winning party in an election.

The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, for instance, was passed in 1883 with the aim of filling positions within the federal government based on merit, not on political affiliation.

Keeping the above in mind, let's evaluate each statement independently:

1. "Presidents needed the support of Congress to make the changes to the civil service they wanted." — This statement is correct. Indeed, although the President might propose a law, it must be approved by both the House of Representatives and the Senate, the two chambers of Congress.

2. "The federal government rejected the idea that it should become more interventionist with the civil service." — This statement seems counterintuitive considering the Pendleton Act's approval, which made the process of appointment more rigid and standardized.

3. "Both Republicans and Democrats in Congress criticized presidents who expanded civil service reform." — This answer is technically correct. There was disagreement within both parties about the extent and nature of civil service reform, with some arguing it limited the president's power too much, and others arguing it didn't go far enough.

4. "The Pendleton Act completely ended the spoils system for making appointments to the civil service." — This answer is not entirely correct. While the Pendleton Act aimed to reduce the spoils system's influence, it didn't eliminate it completely. The act initially only covered around 10% of federal jobs, so the spoils system persisted.

5. "Some members of Congress opposed expanding the number of jobs the Pendleton Act covered." — This statement is correct. Not all members of Congress agreed with expanding the number of jobs covered by the Pendleton Act, as it restricted their power and the power of the President to appoint supporters to governmental positions.

6. "Public support for more civil service reform was strong during Harrison's term, but he couldn't organize it." — This statement is also correct. There was increasing public support for civil service reform during Harrison's presidency, fuelled by widespread discontent with corruption. However, despite this popular support, Harrison faced significant political obstacles that impeded further reform.

So, the correct answers are:
- Presidents needed the support of Congress to make the changes to the civil service they wanted.
- Both Republicans and Democrats in Congress criticized presidents who expanded civil service reform.
- Some members of Congress opposed expanding the number of jobs the Pendleton Act covered.
- Public support for more civil service reform was strong during Harrison's term, but he couldn't organize it.
StudenGPT
Step-by-step answer
P Answered by Studen AI
Former President Harrison's statement can be explained by the following three statements about civil service reform:

1. Presidents needed the support of Congress to make the changes to the civil service they wanted.

This statement suggests that presidents alone did not have the authority to implement changes in the civil service. They required the support and collaboration of Congress to bring about the desired reforms. Without Congress's approval and cooperation, presidents would be limited in their ability to make significant changes to the civil service system.

2. Both Republicans and Democrats in Congress criticized presidents who expanded civil service reform.

This statement indicates that both political parties within Congress were critical of presidents who tried to expand civil service reform. It implies that attempts to modify or improve the civil service system were met with opposition or skepticism from members of both parties in Congress. This resistance from Congress could have hindered or slowed down the progress of civil service reform during Harrison's term.

3. Public support for more civil service reform was strong during Harrison's term, but he couldn't organize it.

This statement highlights the strong public demand for additional civil service reform during President Harrison's term. However, despite the public's support, Harrison faced difficulties in organizing and implementing these reforms. The challenges he encountered in mobilizing the necessary resources, building consensus, or garnering political support may have contributed to his statement.

By considering these three statements collectively, former President Harrison's statement can be understood as an acknowledgement of the limitations presidents face in bringing about civil service reform without the support of Congress, the opposition faced from both Republicans and Democrats in Congress, and the difficulties he encountered in organizing public demand for reform.
StudenGPT
Step-by-step answer
P Answered by Studen AI
Former President Harrison's statement can be explained by the following three statements:

1. Presidents needed the support of Congress to make the changes to the civil service they wanted.
Explanation: This statement implies that presidents alone did not have the authority to enact changes in the civil service system. They required the approval and support of Congress to implement any reforms. This limited the ability of presidents to make desired changes in the civil service.

2. Both Republicans and Democrats in Congress criticized presidents who expanded civil service reform.
Explanation: This statement suggests that regardless of party affiliation, presidents were criticized by members of both major political parties when they tried to expand civil service reforms. This criticism likely hindered President Harrison's efforts to push for further reforms during his term.

3. Public support for more civil service reform was strong during Harrison's term, but he couldn't organize it.
Explanation: This statement indicates that there was significant public demand for additional civil service reform during President Harrison's term. However, despite popular support, he faced challenges in organizing and implementing the desired reforms effectively. This could be due to the aforementioned need for Congress' support and the opposition faced from members of both parties.

By considering these three statements, it can be understood why former President Harrison made the statement in question. Despite the strong public support for civil service reform, the constraints of needing congressional approval, criticism from both Democrats and Republicans, and difficulty in organizing the reforms hindered his ability to bring about significant changes to the civil service system.
StudenGPT
Step-by-step answer
P Answered by Studen AI
Three statements that explain former President Harrison's statement are:

1. Presidents needed the support of Congress to make the changes to the civil service they wanted.
This statement suggests that President Harrison faced challenges in implementing civil service reforms because he required the approval and cooperation of Congress. Without their support, the desired changes may not have been possible.

2. Both Republicans and Democrats in Congress criticized presidents who expanded civil service reform.
This statement indicates that President Harrison may have faced opposition and criticism from members of both parties in Congress when he attempted to expand civil service reform. Such opposition could have hindered his efforts to bring about significant changes.

3. Public support for more civil service reform was strong during Harrison's term, but he couldn't organize it.
This statement highlights that there was a considerable public demand for civil service reform during President Harrison's term. However, despite this popular support, he faced difficulties in organizing and implementing the desired reforms effectively. This could be due to various factors, including political obstacles and bureaucratic challenges.
History
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P Answered by Master

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

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However, trying to help you and after doing some deep research, we can say the maps portray the Spanish, British, and Dutch trade maritime routes from 1750 to 1850. The other map shows the many trade routes in 2010 that practically crossed all over the world.

That is why we can answer that one significant reason for changes in the patterns of global economic interactions from circa 1750 to circa 2000, as illustrated by the two maps are the technology and modernization of means of transportation that today include land, air, and sea.

Trade has been the activity that has developed most rapidly all over the world in those years. Today, there are international organizations and free trade agreements that connect the world through trade.

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