1) Why does Thaddeus Stevens think the Confederate states should be treated as territories?
Stevens believes that the Confederate states should be treated as territories, as "they [had] seceded", [hence] they should be dealt as U.S. territories... [dividing] these lands into 5 districts..." This quote here shows that because they have seceded, they must first be territories. This can be seen in history. During the westward expansion that the US experienced during the 1800s, the lands that were settled were first thought to be 'territories', meaning that they would have to meet certain requirements, such as, previously, a certain amount of people, a certain amount of landholders, etc. In this case, Stevens believed that they must stay as territories until they have met certain requirements themselves, such as "ratify[ing] the proposed 14th amendment, [making a] new constitution... approved by the US congress, and [granting] every African American male [the right to vote." Stevens believed that in this way, they may be able to: 1) adequately punish the south, 2) Ensure that African Americans keep their rights, and 3) allow the south to have a chance to return to the Union.
2) What are two arguments Thaddeus Stevens makes to convince his audience that the Radical Reconstruction bill must be passed? Provide evidence for your claims. In the last paragraph, Thaddeus Stevens explains what he thinks will happen to African Americans if the US government does not protect them.
Thaddeus Stevens tries to convince his audience that the Radical Reconstruction bill must be passed, because of the hardships they have endured before, and the foreseen hardships that they would deal later on. As stated "...[I]t's success... depends not only [on] the happiness and respectability of the colored race, but on their very existence" [emphasize added]. The bill would allow African Americans to acquaint themselves with business transactions, be able to use their rights and be able to get an education, as well as be able to get fair jobs. To get this protection, Stevens believed that they must create something much more efficient than the Freedmen's Bureau (which, as stated, was "helpful...[but] cannot be expected long to protect [African Americans]." In the end, without the protection from the federal government, "The African American[s] becomes a prey to the treatment of their former masters, who will write legal laws and commit illegal crimes..." To address these problems, Stevens asks the Federal Government to support the bill and enforce it, so that the above problems will not occur.
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