The invention of the chronometer was important because: a. it was used to calibrate navigational tools. b. it allowed the calculation of longitude after weeks at sea. c. it allowed the calculation of latitude at sea and on land. d. it enabled sailors to calculate local time.

d. it enabled sailors to calculate local time.

Explanation:

Chronometer is an accurate timepiece invented by John Harrison in the 18th century (1761). It is usually taken along by sailors during traveling or voyages.

The main function of the Chronometer is to deduce the actual longitude and at the same time measure the time of the known location regardless of the weather conditions or the motion.

Hence, in this case, the correct answer is "it enabled sailors to calculate local time."

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Unfortunately, you did not include the two maps. Without them, we do not know your specific reference.

However, trying to help you and after doing some deep research, we can say the maps portray the Spanish, British, and Dutch trade maritime routes from 1750 to 1850. The other map shows the many trade routes in 2010 that practically crossed all over the world.

That is why we can answer that one significant reason for changes in the patterns of global economic interactions from circa 1750 to circa 2000, as illustrated by the two maps are the technology and modernization of means of transportation that today include land, air, and sea.

Trade has been the activity that has developed most rapidly all over the world in those years. Today, there are international organizations and free trade agreements that connect the world through trade.

More people on the planet started to require more products from all places and developed nations exploited natural resources and raw materials and produced more and better goods in their industrialized cities that were exported.

see explanation and i got an a btw.

Explanation:

b. The development of diseases in the sixteenth century would support the arguments of the “new generation of historians in the second paragraph because the “new generation of historians” would look at this in relation to european imperialism and see the impact of the european diseases like smallpox that would plague places like modern day united states because of the european immunity, but lack of native immunity.  

c. The “biological competition” contributed to the European imperialism in the Americas by creating a survival of the fittest environment where the europeans brought in diseases like smallpox that had plagued europe generations ago, but infected the native populations and weaken them in both their numbers and their strength, which enabled the Europeans to take control of the new world and develop a dominance while the natives were fighting a disease. This was “biological competition” because the Europeans' immunity was assisting them in fighting the natives' lack thereof.  

1.

In 1574, Akbar the emperor of the Subcontinent ordered his wazir to make a Katab-khana in the palace. This was to discover and reintroduce old texts. Books like Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata were translated into different languages. One of these languages was Persian. After this many different old books both religious and non-religious were translated for the general public to read.

This was done to make different sects and religions stay united. His actions to a certain extent did eliminate disagreements between the people from different religions.

2.

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak was not the person behind Akbar's policies. It was actually his favorite wife named Mariam-uz-Zamani. She was a Hindu by birth. She was born at the house of Raja Bharmal of Amber. Later, when she grew up she was married to Akber. This marriage had political benefits. Jahangir was her son. She, however, did not play any political role in the Mughal court.  

3.

A) Ethnic divisions hindered the development of land-based empires in the period 1450-1750. For example, the Manchu people in the Qing Dynasty in China sought to preserve their ethnic values while ruling China, which proved to be an obstacle for them to rule the vast majority of Han Chinese.

B) Ethnic divisions also hindered the development of maritime empires in the period 1450-1750. For example, the ethnic division between the French colonists and the Haitian people led to multiple Haitian rebellions and ultimately the Haitian Revolution against France.

C) Many land-based empires and maritime empires institutionalized hierarchical distinctions amongst different ethnic groups, often with the use of slavery. The European colonists, for instance, made African Americans the lowest class in American society by enslaving them. Similarly, Christians under Ottoman rule are recruited as janissaries. In both examples, the ruling class adopted policies that limit the social mobility of the ethnic groups that are alien to themselves.

1. Mahoney states that "the needs of speakers drive language change" (nsf.gov).

5. Johnson claims that the English language began to deviate from its Germanic origins (4).

6. In the eighteenth century, English was "departing from its original Teutonick character"(Johnson 4).