19.04.2020

d) place the quote in its historical context (150-200 words) (3 points)

e) explain its broader significance to our understanding of the past (150-200 words) (3 points)

(1 point for grammar/spelling)



“Nor was this the only form of lawless extravagance which owed its origin to the plague.

Men now coolly ventured on what they had formerly done in a corner, and not just as they pleased, seeing the rapid transitions produced by persons in prosperity suddenly dying and those who before had nothing succeeding to their property.

So they resolved to spend quickly and enjoy themselves, regarding their lives and riches as alike things of a day. Perseverance in what men called honor was popular with none, it was so uncertain whether they would be spared to attain the object; but it was settled that present enjoyment, and all that contributed to it, was both honorable and useful. Fear of gods or law of man there was none to restrain them.

As for the first, they judged it to be just the same whether they worshipped them or not, as they saw all alike perishing; and for the last, no one expected to live to be brought to trial for his offenses, but each felt that a far severer sentence had been already passed upon them all and hung ever over their heads, and before this fell it was only reasonable to enjoy life a little.”

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Read the quotation below and identify the following in complete sentences:

a) its author (1 point)

b) the title of the work from which it is extracted (1 Point)

c) its timeframe (1 Point)

Then you must:

d) place the quote in its historical context (150-200 words) (3 points)

e) explain its broader significance to our understanding of the past (150-200 words) (3 points)

(1 point for grammar/spelling)



“Nor was this the only form of lawless extravagance which owed its origin to the plague.

Men now coolly ventured on what they had formerly done in a corner, and not just as they pleased, seeing the rapid transitions produced by persons in prosperity suddenly dying and those who before had nothing succeeding to their property.

So they resolved to spend quickly and enjoy themselves, regarding their lives and riches as alike things of a day. Perseverance in what men called honor was popular with none, it was so uncertain whether they would be spared to attain the object; but it was settled that present enjoyment, and all that contributed to it, was both honorable and useful. Fear of gods or law of man there was none to restrain them.

As for the first, they judged it to be just the same whether they worshipped them or not, as they saw all alike perishing; and for the last, no one expected to live to be brought to trial for his offenses, but each felt that a far severer sentence had been already passed upon them all and hung ever over their heads, and before this fell it was only reasonable to enjoy life a little.”

i ONLY NEED HELP WITH QUESTIONS d AND e

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09.02.2024, solved by verified expert
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Answer:

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Step-by-step explanation:

d) Historical Context :

Thucydides, an astute chronicler of the Peloponnesian War, provides a gripping account of the Athenian plague, an unparalleled catastrophe that befell the city-state around 430 BCE. The epidemic, possibly typhus or typhoid fever, manifested as a relentless force, claiming countless lives and unleashing widespread panic. Thucydides himself, having contracted and survived the plague, lends a personal touch to his narrative, capturing the visceral realities of the crisis.

Amidst the relentless spread of disease, societal norms crumbled under the weight of desperation and fear. Thucydides paints a vivid picture of the breakdown in moral order, as individuals faced with the specter of imminent death abandoned restraint. The plague's indiscriminate nature, targeting both the affluent and the destitute, disrupted the established social hierarchy. The sudden transitions of prosperity to death and the subsequent transfer of wealth contributed to a climate where the pursuit of immediate pleasure took precedence over conventional values.

The city, once defined by its cultural and political vibrancy, became a landscape of lawlessness. Thucydides highlights how individuals, no longer bound by the constraints of traditional morality, engaged in previously concealed transgressions openly. The rapid turnover of fortunes created an atmosphere where life was perceived as ephemeral, and the pursuit of present enjoyment overshadowed considerations of honor or long-term consequences.

e) Thucydides' portrayal of the moral and social consequences of the Athenian plague in the "History of the Peloponnesian War" offers profound insights into the human condition during times of crisis, resonating with broader themes applicable throughout history. The breakdown of societal norms, as described by Thucydides, serves as a cautionary tale, prompting reflection on the fragility of established values in the face of existential threats.

The sudden and devastating impact of the plague shattered the Athenians' sense of security and stability. Faced with the unpredictable nature of life and death, individuals grappled with the impermanence of their existence. Thucydides observes a drastic shift in behavior as people abandoned traditional moral constraints. The pursuit of immediate pleasure became paramount, and the concept of honor lost its significance. This narrative highlights the vulnerability of social order when confronted with existential threats, a theme with relevance across diverse historical and contemporary contexts.

The suspension of moral and legal norms during the plague raises fundamental questions about the malleability of ethical standards in the face of crisis. Thucydides' account prompts consideration of how societies navigate the tension between individual survival instincts and collective moral values. The portrayal of lawlessness underscores the profound impact of external shocks on human behavior, urging scholars and readers to explore the delicate balance between societal structures and the innate human response to uncertainty.

Furthermore, the Athenian plague narrative speaks to the broader implications of pandemics and calamities on the human psyche. Thucydides' exploration of the psychological toll of the plague sheds light on the complex interplay between fear, mortality, and individual decision-making. The Athenians, grappling with the harsh realities of their time, abandoned long-term considerations for immediate gratification. This psychological aspect, manifested in their altered behavior, resonates with the broader understanding of how societies cope with existential threats, prompting reflections on the potential long-term societal shifts resulting from crises.

In contemporary times, the lessons drawn from Thucydides' narrative remain pertinent. The current global challenges, including pandemics and geopolitical conflicts, provide a lens through which to examine how societies respond to crises, the strain on moral fabric, and the potential for societal transformation. Thucydides' exploration invites us to contemplate the enduring impact of crises on human behavior and societal norms, encouraging a nuanced understanding of resilience, morality, and the intricate dynamics that shape the course of history.

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P Answered by Master

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Unfortunately, you did not include the two maps. Without them, we do not know your specific reference.

However, trying to help you and after doing some deep research, we can say the maps portray the Spanish, British, and Dutch trade maritime routes from 1750 to 1850. The other map shows the many trade routes in 2010 that practically crossed all over the world.

That is why we can answer that one significant reason for changes in the patterns of global economic interactions from circa 1750 to circa 2000, as illustrated by the two maps are the technology and modernization of means of transportation that today include land, air, and sea.

Trade has been the activity that has developed most rapidly all over the world in those years. Today, there are international organizations and free trade agreements that connect the world through trade.

More people on the planet started to require more products from all places and developed nations exploited natural resources and raw materials and produced more and better goods in their industrialized cities that were exported.

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Convection currents in earths mantle are caused by the rise of hot material rising towards the crust, becoming cooler and sinking back down. 
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see explanation and i got an a btw.

Explanation:

b. The development of diseases in the sixteenth century would support the arguments of the “new generation of historians in the second paragraph because the “new generation of historians” would look at this in relation to european imperialism and see the impact of the european diseases like smallpox that would plague places like modern day united states because of the european immunity, but lack of native immunity.  

c. The “biological competition” contributed to the European imperialism in the Americas by creating a survival of the fittest environment where the europeans brought in diseases like smallpox that had plagued europe generations ago, but infected the native populations and weaken them in both their numbers and their strength, which enabled the Europeans to take control of the new world and develop a dominance while the natives were fighting a disease. This was “biological competition” because the Europeans' immunity was assisting them in fighting the natives' lack thereof.  


B) Explain ONE development in the sixteenth century that would support the arguments of the new gen
History
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1.

In 1574, Akbar the emperor of the Subcontinent ordered his wazir to make a Katab-khana in the palace. This was to discover and reintroduce old texts. Books like Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata were translated into different languages. One of these languages was Persian. After this many different old books both religious and non-religious were translated for the general public to read.

This was done to make different sects and religions stay united. His actions to a certain extent did eliminate disagreements between the people from different religions.

2.

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak was not the person behind Akbar's policies. It was actually his favorite wife named Mariam-uz-Zamani. She was a Hindu by birth. She was born at the house of Raja Bharmal of Amber. Later, when she grew up she was married to Akber. This marriage had political benefits. Jahangir was her son. She, however, did not play any political role in the Mughal court.  

She became more eminent after her son succeeded the throne. She was one of the most famous female traders of that time. Akbar after his marriage started his own religion called Din-e-ilahi.

3.

Many cultural and intellectual changes took place because of this interaction.  Collection of manuscripts from around the world and their critical study was introduced.  Changes in the economic system i.e trade also took place. Several changes in slavery were also seen. During this period, the trade of slaves became very eminent and a major source of income for many .Arabic art and literature started spreading in different South Asian regions. While people from those regions introduced new ways of living and rituals etc to Muslims.
History
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A) Ethnic divisions hindered the development of land-based empires in the period 1450-1750. For example, the Manchu people in the Qing Dynasty in China sought to preserve their ethnic values while ruling China, which proved to be an obstacle for them to rule the vast majority of Han Chinese.

B) Ethnic divisions also hindered the development of maritime empires in the period 1450-1750. For example, the ethnic division between the French colonists and the Haitian people led to multiple Haitian rebellions and ultimately the Haitian Revolution against France.

C) Many land-based empires and maritime empires institutionalized hierarchical distinctions amongst different ethnic groups, often with the use of slavery. The European colonists, for instance, made African Americans the lowest class in American society by enslaving them. Similarly, Christians under Ottoman rule are recruited as janissaries. In both examples, the ruling class adopted policies that limit the social mobility of the ethnic groups that are alien to themselves.

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P Answered by Master

In general, because of his numerous achievements, Akbar was awarded the epithet "the Great." The majority of Akbar's achievements military-related.         

Explanation:

One aspect in which Akbar's efforts in financing the translations stated in the text are comparable to rulers of other empires throughout the era 1450-1750 is that they both intended to improve their people's well-being by creating educational opportunities and religious books translations. During this time, Akbar and other monarchs aspired to translate sacred books in order to spread education, religion, and history. As well as to bring together Jewish, Hindu, and Muslim faiths in order to avoid future confrontations.

For more information, refer to the link:

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Because the demand has gone up too, the bikes should gain more profit. Eventually there will be too many bikes produced and their value will drop.
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By reading the above text, we can have a lot of information about the city of Quanzhou and Chinese trade. Based on this, we can answer the questions as follows:

1. One historical process that explains the religion of Srivijaya merchants in Quanzhou is the growth of maritime trade in that region. This trade promoted the passage of many different people, with different religions that influenced the local population. Among these religions, Mahayana Buddhism was one of the greatest influences.2. One aspect of China's economic development during the Song Dynasty was the establishment of international trade relations. During the Song Dynasty, China became involved in the global market and became a strong influence on international trade which attracted many buyers to its products and strengthened the economy.3. The purpose of the author of the text was to draw the attention of foreigners to show that Quanzhou had great commercial power and that commercial relations with that city were promising. For this reason, he shows plenty of praise for the city, as well as displaying its economic advantages.

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In the 1850s, Chinese workers migrated to the United States, first to work in the gold mines, but also to take agricultural jobs, and factory work, especially in the garment industry. Chinese immigrants were particularly instrumental in building railroads in the American west, and as Chinese laborers grew successful in the United States, a number of them became entrepreneurs in their own right. As the numbers of Chinese laborers increased, so did the strength of anti-Chinese sentiment among other workers in the American economy. This finally resulted in legislation that aimed to limit future immigration of Chinese workers to the United States, and threatened to sour diplomatic relations between the United States and China.
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