Chapter 17 Assignment From Gene to Protein

NAME: _________________________________

A. Did you review the Powerpoint and relevant sections in your textbook? _______________ Yes/No
B. Did you watch the following video on an overview of Gene Expression ? _______________ Yes/No
C. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oefAI2x2CQM&list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz&t=0s /> Please Note: If you would prefer to watch a Khan academy, Crashcourse, Bozeman Science or other reputable source of a video for Gene expression, that Is OK too! Just please write down the source of your video.
Video watched__________________________________________________________
Overview

1. What is a gene?
2. What is the central dogma in biology?
3. What is gene expression?
4. How does gene expression differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of number of stages and location in the cell?
1. Complete the following table for Eukaryotic Gene Expression


Template

Product Synthesized

Location in Eukaryotic Cell

Transcription







RNA Processing







Translation









Transcription

2. Define transcription
3. Name the enzyme that used to transcribe a new mRNA strand.
4. DNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase assemble a new polynucleotide only in the ______________(5' → 3’/3' → 5’ ) direction.
5. Which enzyme, DNA polymerase III or RNA polymerase, does not require a primer to begin synthesis?
6. RNA polymerase binds to the _______________ to start transcription.
7. Name the three stages of transcription and briefly describe each stage.
8. What comprises a transcription initiation complex?
9. DNA is double-stranded; however, for each protein, only one of these two strands is used to produce an mRNA transcript. What is this strand called?
10. Here is a short DNA template. Below it, assemble the complementary mRNA strand.
3'T A C A C G A C C A G T A A A ATT5'





RNA Processing

11. What are the three steps of RNA processing?
12. Does RNA processing occur in prokaryotic cells?
​a.​What happens at the 5' end?

​b.​What happens at the 3' end?

13. What are important functions of the 5' cap and poly-A tail?
14. Distinguish between introns and exons.
15. What are spliceosomes?


Translation

16. Define translation
17. Three types of RNA are needed for protein synthesis. Complete the following chart.
Type of RNA

Description

Function

mRNA





tRNA





rRNA







18. What is a codon?
19. How many codons exist?
20. Explain the concept of reading frame.
21. What is the start codon?
22. What are the stop codons?
23. Which molecule has codons?
24. Which molecule has anticodons?
25. Which sequence do you read- the anticodon or codon- to determine the amino acid attached to a transfer RNA molecule.
26. Explain, giving examples, what is meant by the genetic code being
Redundant

Unambiguous

Universal

27. What is an anticodon? __________
28. Transfer RNA has two attachment sites. What binds at each site?
29. What does wobble mean?
30. Briefly describe the structure of a eukaryotic ribosome. Include the large subunit; small subunit; A, P, and E sites; and mRNA binding site.
31. Like transcription, translation can be divided into three stages. Briefly describe each stage.
​a.​

​b.​

​c.​

32. What is always the first amino acid in a new polypeptide? ______________________
33. What is a release factor?
34. Describe at least two types of post-translational modifications.


Mutations of one or a few nucleotides can affect protein structure and function

35. Define a mutation.
36. Define point mutations.
37. What are frameshift mutations?
38. How can a nucleotide-pair substitution result in a silent mutation?
39. What is the difference between a nonsense and missense mutation?
40. What are mutagens?
Tying it all together

41. The non-template strand for a gene is
5’A C T G C C C A T G G T G C A C C T G A C T C C T G A G G A G T G A 3’

Write the

a. template strand
b. mRNA (remember the first codon is always……!)
c. transfer RNA with attached amino acids
d. How many amino acids?
e. How many codons?
f. How many anticodons?

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 Explanation: Osmosis is a process when there is movement of water from the region of comparatively higher concentration to the region of lower concentration across in a permeable membrane.

Example with explaination :

when soaked in dilute sodium chloride solution onion gain mass because of the process of osmosis. Explanation: Osmosis is a process when there is movement of water from the region of comparatively higher concentration to the region of lower concentration across in a permeable membrane.

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