The following cost data relate to the manufacturing activities of Chang Company during the just completed year:Manufacturing overhead costs incurred:Indirect materials $ 15,000Indirect labor 130,000Property taxes, factory 8,000Utilities, factory 70,000Depreciation, factory 240,000Insurance, factory 10,000Total actual manufacturing overhead costs incurred $ 473,000Other costs incurred:Purchases of raw materials (both direct and indirect) $ 400,000Direct labor cost $ 60,000Inventories:Raw materials, beginning $ 20,000Raw materials, ending $ 30,000Work in process, beginning $ 40,000Work in process, ending $ 70,000The company uses a predetermined overhead rate of $25 per machine-hour to apply overhead cost to jobs. A total of 19,400 machine-hours were used during the year.Required:1. Compute the amount of underapplied or overapplied overhead cost for the year.2. Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured for the year.

See below

Explanation:

1.

Actual manufacturing overhead cost incurred

$473,000

Less manufacturing overhead cost applied $25 × 19,400

($485,000)

Over applied overhead

$12,000

2.

Raw materials at the beginning

$20,000

Add raw materials purchased

$400,000

Raw materials available for use

$420,000

Less raw materials at the end

($30,000)

Raw materials used in production

$390,000

Less indirect materials

($15,000)

Add direct labor

$60,000

Add manufacturing overhead applied

$485,000

Total manufacturing cost

$920,000

Add work in process inventory at the beginning

$40,000

Total work in process inventory

$960,000

Less work in process inventory at the end

($70,000)

Cost of goods manufactured.

$890,000

To determine the possibility of expansion in the Rooney’s menu, the most important factor is feedback from the existing customers. Being a marketing consultant both internal and external factors must be considered. Internal factors - company's internal available resources such as fund, employees etc. Capabilities and strategies. 

External aspect is environmental context competitor's customer wants, needs and potentials. 

Options:

a. The small land-owner had an advantage in the negotiations by possessing something that the mine needed. 

b. It allowed for equality in the negotiations between interested parties. 

c. The impoverished context allowed the government to gain access to the land. 

d. No real impact?

Answer:

c. The impoverished context allowed the government to gain access to the land. 

Explanation:

The explorations that led to the discovery of Tintaya mine go back to 1917. In 1971, the Peruvian government promoted the exploitation  of the mine. In 1980, the expropriation of approximately 4,000 hectares of land, owned by the communities, was carried out. It is for this reason that started a dispute between the commoners and the Company. In 1985 the exploitation of Tintaya began and it became the third producer of the country. In 1994, the mine was bought by Broken Hill Proprietary (BHP), who subsequently merged with the company Billiton, forming the second biggest group in the world production of minerals. In 2001, the first proposal for the framework agreement was made public. An agreement was reached and the framework agreement was consolidated in 2003. The signature of the framework agreement was an innovative milestone. Never before, a mining company had agreed to transfer a percentage of profits to communities and to engage to dialogue with them at all times. In 2005, a violent takeover occurred of the Tintaya facilities. A reformulation of the framework agreement was demanded. The implementation of the framework agreement was taking place very slowly. The president of BHP Billiton had to suspend the mining activity until a new agreement was reached. Then the negotiations began again. Xstrata Cooper (now Glencore) bought Tintaya from BHP Billiton in 2006. The owner changed, but the same conflicts and mobilizations continued until 2012. The last stoppage lasted eight days. During this paralysis, violent acts occurred and even the mine was asked to close, which was completely rejected by the government. At present, no resolution or reformulation of the framework agreement has been reached. 

So is often the case, the expansion of mining activity led to the expropriation or purchase of land, back in 1980, from five communities and left open conflicts (low prices, evictions, illegitimate negotiations, etc.), as well as various environmental and human rights problems.

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although the question does not provide any options, we can say that the set of factors in the ethical decision-making process are individual, collective, and social.

Ethics and integrity should be "common sense." Moral values and attitudes are so important as key behaviors by the members of the organization. If employees are not guided by these concepts, the risk is that they could deviate from the guidelines and performance expected by the management.

The leader of the company and top management are the ones who have to set the example in order for the workers to follow those steps. The leader has to set an example of the conduct expected in the organization.