2. As the concentration of a solution increases, №18010861, 31.03.2021 23:17

Chemistry

2. As the concentration of a solution increases how does the amount of light absorbed vary?.

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Absorbance increases.

Explanation:

Recall that absorbance is directly proportional to concentration as illustrated by Beer's Law:

$\displaystyle A = \epsilon bC$

Where A is the absorbance and C is the concentration of the solution.

Therefore, as the concentration of a solution increases, the amount of light absorbed (absorbance) likewise increases.

Chemistry

How does the rate of a chemical reaction change if the concentration of both reactants increases 4 times? 2NO + O2 → 2 NO2

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The rate will increase 32 times if the concentration of both reactants increases 4 times

Explanation:

Rate law says that rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants each raised to a stoichiometric coefficient determined experimentally called as order.

For the reaction : $2NO+O_2\rightarrow 2NO_2$ rate=k[NO]^2[O_2]^1

k= rate constant

order with respect to NO_2 = 2

order with respect to O_2 = 1

Thus on increasing the concentration of reactants 4 times :

$rate'=k[4\times NO]^2[4\times O_2]^1$

$rate'=k\times 8\times 4\times [NO]^2\times [O_2]^1$

$rate'=32\times rate$

Thus rate will increase 32 times if the concentration of both reactants increases 4 times

Chemistry

) Given the following rate law, how does the rate of reaction change if the concentration of Y is doubled? Rate = k [X][Y]2 A) The rate of reaction will increase by a factor of 2. B) The rate of reaction will increase by a factor of 5. C) The rate of reaction will increase by a factor of 4. D) The rate of reaction will decrease by a factor of 2. E) The rate of reaction will remain unchanged.

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P Answered by Specialist

1

The correct answer is option C.

Explanation:

The given rate law of reaction :

Rate(R) = k [X][Y]^2

Rate of the reaction after doubling the concentration of Y : R'

R'=k[X][2Y]^2

R'=k[X]4[Y]^2

R'=4k[X][Y]^2

$R'=4\times R$

The rate of the reaction will increase by the factor of 4.

Chemistry

) Given the following rate law, how does the rate of reaction change if the concentration of Y is doubled? Rate = k [X][Y]2 A) The rate of reaction will increase by a factor of 2. B) The rate of reaction will increase by a factor of 5. C) The rate of reaction will increase by a factor of 4. D) The rate of reaction will decrease by a factor of 2. E) The rate of reaction will remain unchanged.

Step-by-step answer

P Answered by Specialist

1

The correct answer is option C.

Explanation:

The given rate law of reaction :

Rate(R) = k [X][Y]^2

Rate of the reaction after doubling the concentration of Y : R'

R'=k[X][2Y]^2

R'=k[X]4[Y]^2

R'=4k[X][Y]^2

$R'=4\times R$

The rate of the reaction will increase by the factor of 4.

Chemistry

Some freedivers hyperventilate (breathe rapidly and deeply) before diving. Hyperventilation can change the concentration of CO 2 CO2 in the blood and may increase the length of time that a person feels like he or she can hold his or her breath. How does hyperventilation affect blood pH?

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Explanation:

It is a state of breathing process when a person start breathing very fast . When a person is under excessive stress or he is paniky or he suffers from anxiety , he start breathing fast . Fast breathing results in excessive loss of carbon dioxide in the body.

Carbon dioxide forms acidic solution when dissolved in water . When level of carbon dioxide reduces in the blood , it becomes less acidic . In other words it becomes more basic. Therefore the level of pH of blood is increased .

Chemistry

Some freedivers hyperventilate (breathe rapidly and deeply) before diving. Hyperventilation can change the concentration of CO 2 CO2 in the blood and may increase the length of time that a person feels like he or she can hold his or her breath. How does hyperventilation affect blood pH?

Step-by-step answer

P Answered by Specialist

Explanation:

It is a state of breathing process when a person start breathing very fast . When a person is under excessive stress or he is paniky or he suffers from anxiety , he start breathing fast . Fast breathing results in excessive loss of carbon dioxide in the body.

Carbon dioxide forms acidic solution when dissolved in water . When level of carbon dioxide reduces in the blood , it becomes less acidic . In other words it becomes more basic. Therefore the level of pH of blood is increased .

StudenGPT

by Angel Teran and Jerry Cessna (excerpt) [1] Milk consists of water, milk fat, and skim solids. Skim solids include protein, lactose, minerals, and trace elements. The average percentages of both milk fat and skim solids in farm milk (cows milk from dairy farms) have increased in the last two decades. In 2000, U.S. farm milk contained 3.68 percent milk fat and 8.72 percent skim solids on average. By 2020, the milk-fat percentage had grown to 3.95 percent, and the skim-solids percentage had increased to 8.94 percent. For skim solids, content increased

Step-by-step answer

P Answered by Studen AI

1

The author uses the text structure of "cause and effect" in paragraph 2 to connect the increased demand for high-fat milk to changes in farmers' production practices. This text structure is used to explain how one event, in this case, the increased demand for high-fat milk products, leads to another event, which is the changes in farmers' production practices. The author mentions that the higher demand for high-fat milk products has resulted in farmers adjusting their production practices and making changes such as selecting breeds that naturally produce higher-fat milk, adjusting feeds, and improving genetics of the major dairy cow breeds. These changes are seen as a direct response or effect of the increased demand for high-fat milk. Therefore, the cause (increased demand for high-fat milk) is explained, and the effect (changes in farmers' production practices) is described in paragraph 2, indicating the use of the "cause and effect" text structure. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

StudenGPT

by Angel Teran and Jerry Cessna (excerpt) [1] Milk consists of water, milk fat, and skim solids. Skim solids include protein, lactose, minerals, and trace elements. The average percentages of both milk fat and skim solids in farm milk (cows milk from dairy farms) have increased in the last two decades. In 2000, U.S. farm milk contained 3.68 percent milk fat and 8.72 percent skim solids on average. By 2020, the milk-fat percentage had grown to 3.95 percent, and the skim-solids percentage had increased to 8.94 percent. For skim solids, content increased

Step-by-step answer

P Answered by Studen AI

1

In paragraph 2, the author uses the text structure of "cause and effect" to connect the increased demand for high-fat milk to changes in farmers' production practices.

The author first explains that some studies have suggested less health risk in milk-fat consumption than previously believed, and other studies have indicated nutritional benefits in milk fat. As a result of these findings, there has been a substantial increase in demand for higher-fat milk products over the last decade.

The author then goes on to describe the actions taken by farmers in response to this increased demand. Farmers have adjusted their production practices by selecting breeds that naturally produce higher-fat milk, such as Jersey cows. They have also made improvements in the genetics of major dairy cow breeds and provided higher quality livestock feeds. These changes in production practices have contributed to the increasing richness of milk.

The author's use of "cause and effect" text structure, in this case, helps to explain the cause (increased demand for high-fat milk) and its effect (changes in farmers' production practices to meet the demand).

Biology

1. iodoacetamide inactivates enzymes by covalently modifying the r-group of ㅡㅡㅡ? 2.which of the following is true in the presence of competitive inhibitors? vmax decreaseskm decreasesvmax increaseskm increasesboth km and vmax decrease3.if an enzyme is operating at very high substrate levels, and an irreversible site specific inhibitor is added, so that the reaction rate is reduced by 50%, what is true about the resulting condition of the enzyme and/or substrate? half of the substrate does not bind to the enzymethe km of the enzyme has changed by

Step-by-step answer

P Answered by Master

1

1. Iodoacetamide combines with the thiol group of cysteine, thus, the protein cannot produce a disulfide bond. So, iodoacetate is an inhibitor of cysteine peptidase.

2. In the presence of competitive inhibition, the Km increases. In the presence of a competitive inhibitor -1/Km increases, thus, 1/Km decreases, and hence Km increases. The competitive inhibitors work by combining reversibly with the active site of an enzyme. Thus, more concentration of substrate is required to attain half of the maximum velocity.

3. In the given case, half of the molecules of the enzyme are completely active and half of the molecules of the enzyme are completely inactive.

Irreversible inhibition is one of the reasons for the reduction in the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the given case. The loss of activity of the enzyme molecules due to irreversible inhibition is time dependent and it is the reason behind the reduction in reaction rate.

Reduction in the rate of reaction is proportional to the loss of activity. Therefore, a 50 percent reduction in reaction rate will result in 50 percent of the enzyme molecules to be inactive and the other 50 percent of the enzyme molecules to be completely active.

4. The statement, that is, in the majority of the cases, the inhibitor can be removed by dialysis is not true about irreversible enzyme inhibitors.

The irreversible inhibitors combine with the enzymes permanently and make covalent bonds with the enzyme. Therefore, it cannot get removed by the process of dialysis in the majority of cases.

5. The correct statement is that the initial velocity increases in the presence of an enzyme.

6. The correct statement is that the Vmax is attained when the concentration of the substrate is double the Km.

The Km is illustrated as the concentration of substrate at which the reaction velocity reaches half of the maximum velocity. Therefore,

Km = 1/2 Vmax

2 Km = Vmax

Vmax = 2 Km