“the perpetual now” common lit

The text you provided is about utilitarianism, a moral philosophy that focuses on the principle of utility. The author argues that while the rules of morality can be improved over time, it is important to acknowledge that there are secondary principles that help us apply the principle of utility in everyday life. Just as a traveler needs landmarks and direction-posts to reach their destination, individuals should have guidelines or principles to navigate moral decision-making.

The proposition that happiness is the ultimate goal of morality doesn't mean that there should be no guidance or roadmaps to achieve happiness. People should be advised to make choices that lead towards happiness. The author criticizes the idea that moral principles are solely based on the first principle and argues that it is nonsensical to ignore practical considerations and the experience of human life in ethical discussions.

The author further suggests that all moral systems require subordinate principles in order to apply the fundamental principle effectively. It is a common human quality to have foresight and draw conclusions from the experiences of life. Therefore, arguing against the existence of secondary principles is absurd.

The text also addresses common criticisms against utilitarianism, suggesting that these criticisms are not exclusive to utilitarianism but rather reflect the inherent complexities of human nature and the difficulties individuals face in making moral decisions. It emphasizes that conflicting considerations exist in all moral doctrines and that it is not the fault of any particular creed but rather the nature of human affairs. Moral systems often allow for certain exceptions and accommodations based on the specific circumstances, but this can also lead to self-deception and dishonesty.

The text concludes by asserting that conflicting obligations and the challenges they present are the real difficulties in the theory of ethics and personal conduct. However, having utility as the ultimate source of moral obligations provides a standard by which conflicting rights and duties can be evaluated. While it may be challenging to apply this standard, it is better than having no standard at all. In contrast, other moral systems that claim independent authority for their laws have no common basis or criteria to resolve conflicts, which can leave room for personal biases and desires to influence decision-making.

In summary, the text defends utilitarianism by acknowledging the ongoing improvement of moral principles while emphasizing the importance of secondary principles and the application of utility in making moral choices. It argues against criticisms by highlighting the inherent complexities of moral decision-making and the need for a consistent standard to evaluate conflicting obligations.

It's difficult to see reconciliation as a viable possibility for the future... wherever the western imperialist bloc were present, strife and division magnified exponentially. regarding the fate of this country divided in 2 all attributed to political ideology and having been a proxy stage for the US and the USSR to exercise their might, the aftermath has just widened the chasm... the lifespan of the nation is long and so it is made upon cultural identity which by now, is severely separated. with each passing generation, the likelihood for union will be harder... but only time will tell.

It's difficult to see reconciliation as a viable possibility for the future... wherever the western imperialist bloc were present, strife and division magnified exponentially. regarding the fate of this country divided in 2 all attributed to political ideology and having been a proxy stage for the US and the USSR to exercise their might, the aftermath has just widened the chasm... the lifespan of the nation is long and so it is made upon cultural identity which by now, is severely separated. with each passing generation, the likelihood for union will be harder... but only time will tell.

The sentence from George Washington's Farewell Address that warns Americans against the negative impact political parties could have on our country is:

"However, combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion."

This sentence warns that political parties, though they may initially serve popular interests, have the potential to be manipulated by individuals with nefarious intentions. These individuals could use political parties as powerful tools to undermine the authority of the people and seize control of the government. Ultimately, they would destroy the very system that allowed them to gain power in the first place. This serves as a cautionary statement about the dangers of political parties and the need for vigilance in maintaining the integrity of the government.

The sentence from George Washington’s Farewell Address that warns Americans against the negative impact political parties could have on our country is: "However, combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion."

In this sentence, George Washington cautions against the potential dangers of political parties. He suggests that while such associations may serve initially to achieve popular objectives, they have the possibility of transforming into powerful tools that allow deceitful and unprincipled individuals to undermine the authority of the people and seize control of the government. Washington emphasizes that these individuals would then destroy the very mechanisms that brought them to power. By highlighting this concern, he warns against the negative consequences that can arise from political parties gaining too much influence.

The sentence from George Washington's Farewell Address that warns Americans against the negative impact political parties could have on our country is:

"However, combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion."

This sentence talks about how political parties, described as "combinations or associations," can initially serve the interests of the people but eventually become powerful tools for cunning and ambitious individuals to undermine the power of the people and seize control of the government. It emphasizes the danger of political parties being exploited by individuals with nefarious intentions, ultimately leading to the destruction of the democratic system that elevated them to power.

The other sentences in the passage discuss the preservation of government, resisting innovation, the importance of time and habit in shaping governments, and the need for a strong and balanced government to ensure the security of liberty. While these sentences touch upon important aspects of governance, they do not specifically address the negative impact of political parties as the selected sentence does.

A.) He approached the temple. As he went forward the light retired, and, when he put his feet within the apartment, utterly vanished. The suddenness of this transition increased the darkness that succeeded in a tenfold degree. Fear and wonder rendered him powerless. An occurrence like this, in a place assigned to devotion, was adapted to intimidate the stoutest heart.
(from Wieland by Charles Brockden Brown)

*** You know this because gothic writings were very dreary 

The first paragraph demonstrates gothic literary style due to its theme of horror and fear.

A.) He approached the temple. As he went forward the light retired, and, when he put his feet within the apartment, utterly vanished. The suddenness of this transition increased the darkness that succeeded in a tenfold degree. Fear and wonder rendered him powerless. An occurrence like this, in a place assigned to devotion, was adapted to intimidate the stoutest heart.
(from Wieland by Charles Brockden Brown)

*** You know this because gothic writings were very dreary