Answer:
Answer explained below.Step-by-step explanation:
e landforms and climate of Africa have played a significant role in shaping human settlement patterns and livelihoods over time. When the rains over the Sahara began to decline and grasslands gave way to desert around 5,000 years ago, the population of the region began to migrate to new areas, adapting their lifestyles to the new environmental conditions they encountered.
As people moved east and south, they encountered a diverse range of landscapes, from fertile river valleys to arid deserts and savannahs. These landscapes influenced the types of crops that people could cultivate, the types of animals they could raise, and the ways they could make use of natural resources such as water and minerals.
In the river valleys, such as the Nile and the Niger, people could cultivate crops like wheat, barley, and sorghum, as well as raise animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The availability of water also allowed for the development of irrigation systems, which allowed people to grow crops in areas where rainfall was scarce.
In the savannahs, people relied on a combination of hunting, fishing, and agriculture. They cultivated crops like millet and sorghum, and also hunted wild animals such as antelope, gazelle, and buffalo. The savannahs also provided grazing land for cattle and other livestock.
In the desert regions, people relied on pastoralism and trade. They raised camels and other hardy animals that could survive in the harsh desert environment, and traded with other groups for goods that could not be obtained locally, such as salt and other minerals.
In all of these environments, people developed unique cultural practices and technologies that allowed them to adapt to the challenges of their environment. For example, in the river valleys, people developed sophisticated irrigation systems and built monumental structures like the pyramids of Egypt, while in the savannahs, people developed specialized hunting tools and weapons.
In conclusion, the landforms and climate of Africa have played a significant role in shaping human settlement patterns and livelihoods over time. As people migrated to new areas, they adapted their lifestyles to the environmental conditions they encountered, developing unique cultural practices and technologies that allowed them to thrive in a variety of landscapes.