Answer:
a. dependence on a neighbor in terms of access to water trade.
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer options:
a. dependence on a neighbor for water trade access;
b. political boundaries drawn by outside nations;
c. conflict over religion and ethnicity;
d. independence movement that has led to a new state.
Explanation:
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the XX century, the League of Nations – the predecessor of the UN – gave Great Britain a mandate to govern Palestine and other territories of the region that were previously part of Ottoman Turkey. The mandate was valid until 1947, but Palestine, unlike its neighbors, never gained independence, and its population was replenished with Jewish immigrants, mostly fleeing fascism in Europe.
In 1947, the United Kingdom transferred the Palestinian issue, which at that time had already become a destabilizing factor for the entire region, to the UN. Having considered various options for its solution, the United Nations confirmed the inalienable right of the Palestinians to self–determination and proposed to terminate the British mandate, and divide the territory itself into two states – Jewish and Arab - with the special international status of Jerusalem.
So Israel was created, which in the following years, during several wars, expanded its area at the expense of the Palestinian territories, and in 1967 occupied the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. These events led to numerous waves of mass resettlement of the Arab population.
In 1974, the General Assembly once again confirmed its position – the Palestinian people have the right to a fair solution to the issue, and the following year the relevant Committee was established.
Over the past years, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has remained a bleeding wound in the Middle East, millions of Palestinians have lived in refugee status, and numerous peace initiatives have not been implemented.
In 1987, after more than 20 years of military occupation, a spontaneous uprising broke out in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, which became known as the first "intifada" (an Arabic word meaning "shaking off", which quickly penetrated the international political lexicon). Representatives of all segments of the Palestinian population – youth, women, children, workers – participated in mass demonstrations, economic boycotts and strikes, refused to pay taxes. In 2000, the Palestinians organized the second intifada.
In both cases, the protests were severely suppressed by Israeli security forces. However, the Palestinians' desire to build their own state has received great international support: in 2011, Palestine was admitted to UNESCO as a full member, and in November 2012 it received observer status at the UN.