Question 7 (20 points)






American artists finally reached some independent prominence in the art world by the 20th century. For many, making 'American' art and reflecting American culture and experience were important. Choose TWO works from those above, and discuss 1) how they adapt or reject European art styles and 2) how their style and subjects show us American experience. [20 point question, spend some time here].

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Title: Evolution of American Art in the 20th Century: A Deep Dive into "American Gothic" by Grant Wood and "Migration Series" by Jacob Lawrence

The 20th century marked a transformative period for American artists, as they sought to establish independent prominence in the global art scene. Distinct from their European counterparts, American artists grappled with the challenge of defining a unique artistic identity that reflected the American experience. Two seminal works from this era, Grant Wood's "American Gothic" (1930) and Jacob Lawrence's "Migration Series" (1940-1941), stand out as iconic representations of American art. In this exploration, we will delve into how these works both adapt and reject European art styles and how their distinctive styles and subjects capture the essence of the American experience.

1. "American Gothic" by Grant Wood (1930):

Grant Wood's "American Gothic" is an undisputed masterpiece that encapsulates the spirit of American regionalism. In considering the adaptation or rejection of European art styles, Wood's work is a fascinating amalgamation of influences. The painting's composition and meticulous attention to detail echo the Northern Renaissance tradition, reminiscent of artists like Jan van Eyck. The frontal portrayal of the subjects and the emphasis on their individual features are hallmarks of this European influence.

However, what distinguishes "American Gothic" is its rejection of the grandiosity and idealized aesthetics often associated with European art. Wood deliberately chooses to represent everyday American life, turning his attention to the rural Midwest during the Great Depression. The subjects of the painting, a stern-faced farmer and his daughter, stand in front of a simple Gothic-style farmhouse. The choice of a pitchfork as a symbol not only adds a touch of symbolism but also reinforces the connection to the agricultural roots of American society.

Wood's rejection of European artistic norms is further evident in his regionalist approach. Instead of emulating European subjects and landscapes, he chooses to celebrate the American experience by showcasing the resilience and strength of the people during challenging times. "American Gothic" becomes a visual ode to the heartland of America, offering a counterpoint to the more cosmopolitan themes prevalent in European art.

The reflection of the American experience in "American Gothic" is profound. The stoic expressions of the subjects mirror the hardships faced by individuals during the economic turmoil of the Great Depression. The simplicity of the farmhouse and the stark, unadorned landscape convey a sense of frugality and resilience. The painting is a testament to the enduring values of hard work and self-reliance embedded in the American ethos, especially in the face of adversity.

2. "Migration Series" by Jacob Lawrence (1940-1941):

Jacob Lawrence's "Migration Series" is a groundbreaking work that tells the story of the Great Migration—a significant demographic shift of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North between 1916 and 1970. In examining the adaptation or rejection of European art styles, Lawrence's approach is revolutionary. The "Migration Series" comprises 60 panels, each serving as a chapter in a visual narrative. This departure from the European tradition of single-panel narrative art showcases Lawrence's rejection of established norms.

While the influence of modernism is palpable in Lawrence's use of bold colors and simplified forms, his rejection of European artistic conventions is most apparent in his innovative storytelling technique. The series unfolds like a visual manuscript, breaking away from the linear narrative structure prevalent in European art. Each panel is a piece of a larger puzzle, inviting viewers to engage actively in the storytelling process.

The reflection of the American experience in the "Migration Series" is multifaceted. Lawrence not only chronicles the historical events of the Great Migration but also provides a poignant commentary on the social issues that defined this era. The vibrant colors and dynamic compositions capture the energy and hope that fueled the migration, as well as the challenges and struggles faced by African Americans in their quest for a better life.

The series becomes a powerful testament to the African American experience in early 20th century America. Themes of racism, inequality, and the pursuit of economic opportunities resonate throughout the panels. Lawrence's decision to portray everyday scenes, such as families packing their belongings or workers toiling in Northern factories, brings a humanizing quality to the narrative. The series is not merely a historical document; it is a visceral and emotional exploration of the triumphs and tribulations of a community in flux.

In conclusion, the works of Grant Wood and Jacob Lawrence exemplify the evolution of American art in the 20th century. "American Gothic" and the "Migration Series" both adapt and reject European art styles, forging a uniquely American aesthetic. These masterpieces not only capture the essence of the American experience but also contribute to a broader dialogue on the intersection of art, history, and identity. Through their distinctive styles and subjects, Wood and Lawrence have left an indelible mark on the canvas of American art, inviting viewers to reflect on the rich tapestry of the nation's past and present.