Which two processes happen during mitosis

C,A

Explanation:

Hopes this helps sorry if this is wrong

C,A

Explanation:

Hopes this helps sorry if this is wrong

Controlled experiment is an experiment which is designed to test a variable, which can be changed during the experiment.

Hence in this experiment, the importance of experiment is being tested, as it is added only in one set of plant.

A manipulated variable is an independent variable whose amount can be changed during an experiment.

Here the fertilizer is a manipulated variable.

Because theory is the most organised statement proved by a set of independent experiments.

Hypothesis is the initial idea on which basis different experiments are conducted. But if 1 experiment succeeded and it supports the hypothesis, hypothesis do not become a theory.

For a theory, different experiments are necessary which supports that hypothesis.

Density = 1.909 kg/m3

Given data:

Mass of the object = 42 kg

Volume of the object = 22 m3

Density of the object = ?

Solution

Density = mass/volume

Density =42/22 = 1.909

Density = 1.909 kg/m3

Hence the density of the object is 1.909 and its unit is kg/m3 which is system international unit of density.

Chlorine and water in swimming pool are mixed in such a way that there composition remains same throughout the mixture. And chlorine cannot be separated back from water. This is the homogeneous mixture.

Because physical change does not include composition change, it includes change in physical parameters. And in splicing tomato only change in shape is done.

Remaining questions are attached in the files.

1.1. Photosynthesis and cell respiration they are chemically opposite

Plants use sunlight as a source of energy.  With the energy of the sun, plants use carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to make sugars called carbohydrates. This reaction is called photosynthesis.

CO2 + H2O + light energy => O2 + sugar (carbohydrates)

Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction found in animal and plant cells.

 Cellular respiration transforms carbohydrates (food) into cellular energy that the cell uses to perform all of its functions.

The reaction is as follows:

6*O2 + glucose => 6*CO2 + 6*H2O.

1.2  they have a relationship to each other

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the phenomena that organisms have to obtain energy for their activities. We distinguish two kinds of organisms: heterotrophs and autotrophs.

photosynthesis and cellular respiration is a cycle that depends on each other (the products of one are the reagents of the other).

2.1 Skin cells divide by mitosis.

The somatic cells of our body are divided by mitosis. Somatic cells make up most of the tissues and organs in our bodies - skin, muscles, lungs, intestines, and so on.

Somatic cells are diploid (each has two sets of chromosomes). By mitosis, the genetic material (chromosomes and DNA) of the mother cell is unchanged in each of the daughter cells, which are also diploid.

2.2 The interphase

The interphase is thus the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not dividing, typically intervening between mitotic or meiotic divisions.

Otherwise expressed, interphases are steps in the development of subsequent mitosis or cell meiosis, during which the nucleus is not dividing. In the cells that will undergo further division, the DNA in the nucleus is duplicated for next division during phase S, and the proteins involved in mitosis are synthesized in phase G2.

2.3 Mitosis  and cytokinesis

Mitosis is a process involved in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and immediately preceding cell division, consisting of the equitable distribution of hereditary material (characteristic DNA). This type of division occurs in somatic cells and usually ends with the formation of two distinct nuclei (mitosis), followed by cytoplasmic separation (cytokinesis) to form two daughter cells.

Cytokinesis refers to a division of the cytoplasm that usually follows the division of the nucleus at the end of the mitosis. It is the process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides into two cells

1.Interphase is an important and the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell prepares for division by coping its DNA. It is metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell grows, obtains nutrients and metabolizes them. There are three stages of interphase: G1 (the cell growth), S (replication of DNA, chromosomes are copied) and G2 (preparation for division). Without this phase, genetic material wouldn’t be ready for the process of meiosis  and haploid gametes couldn’t be created.

2.Homologous chromosomes are the similar but not totally identical chromosome pairs that an organism receives from its two parents. During the prophase I of meiosis they pair up: each chromosome aligns with its homologue partner via link-chiasmata ( the two match up at corresponding positions). Those homologue pairs separate during a first stage of cell division (meiosis I-reduction of chromosomes number, from diploid to haploid), while sister chromatids separate during a second stage (meiosis II).

3.Crossing over is a process in which homologous chromosomes trade their parts. Crossing over is process of genetic recombination where DNA is cut and then repaired. Cut and repair of homologous chromosomes allow them to exchange some of their genetic information. As a consequence of crossing over, new arrangement of maternal and paternal alleles on the same chromosome is achieved. It is the way to create varations.

4.During the metaphase I, homologue pairs are lined up comparing to metaphase II where individual chromosomes are lined up. It is because during the meiosis I homologue pairs separate and chromosome number reduce from diploid to haploid. On the other hand, during the meiosis II, sister chromatids separate.

5.Nondisjunction is the consequence of cell division, where there is no properly separation. There are  different forms of nondisjunction:  

•failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I,  

•failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II.

After nondisjunction, resulting daughter cells are with abnormal chromosome numbers -aneuploidy.

1.1. Photosynthesis and cell respiration they are chemically opposite

Plants use sunlight as a source of energy.  With the energy of the sun, plants use carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to make sugars called carbohydrates. This reaction is called photosynthesis.

CO2 + H2O + light energy => O2 + sugar (carbohydrates)

Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction found in animal and plant cells.

 Cellular respiration transforms carbohydrates (food) into cellular energy that the cell uses to perform all of its functions.

The reaction is as follows:

6*O2 + glucose => 6*CO2 + 6*H2O.

1.2  they have a relationship to each other

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the phenomena that organisms have to obtain energy for their activities. We distinguish two kinds of organisms: heterotrophs and autotrophs.

photosynthesis and cellular respiration is a cycle that depends on each other (the products of one are the reagents of the other).

2.1 Skin cells divide by mitosis.

The somatic cells of our body are divided by mitosis. Somatic cells make up most of the tissues and organs in our bodies - skin, muscles, lungs, intestines, and so on.

Somatic cells are diploid (each has two sets of chromosomes). By mitosis, the genetic material (chromosomes and DNA) of the mother cell is unchanged in each of the daughter cells, which are also diploid.

2.2 The interphase

The interphase is thus the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not dividing, typically intervening between mitotic or meiotic divisions.

Otherwise expressed, interphases are steps in the development of subsequent mitosis or cell meiosis, during which the nucleus is not dividing. In the cells that will undergo further division, the DNA in the nucleus is duplicated for next division during phase S, and the proteins involved in mitosis are synthesized in phase G2.

2.3 Mitosis  and cytokinesis

Mitosis is a process involved in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and immediately preceding cell division, consisting of the equitable distribution of hereditary material (characteristic DNA). This type of division occurs in somatic cells and usually ends with the formation of two distinct nuclei (mitosis), followed by cytoplasmic separation (cytokinesis) to form two daughter cells.

Cytokinesis refers to a division of the cytoplasm that usually follows the division of the nucleus at the end of the mitosis. It is the process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides into two cells

Controlled experiment is an experiment which is designed to test a variable, which can be changed during the experiment.

Hence in this experiment, the importance of experiment is being tested, as it is added only in one set of plant.

A manipulated variable is an independent variable whose amount can be changed during an experiment.

Here the fertilizer is a manipulated variable.

Because theory is the most organised statement proved by a set of independent experiments.

Hypothesis is the initial idea on which basis different experiments are conducted. But if 1 experiment succeeded and it supports the hypothesis, hypothesis do not become a theory.

For a theory, different experiments are necessary which supports that hypothesis.

Density = 1.909 kg/m3

Given data:

Mass of the object = 42 kg

Volume of the object = 22 m3

Density of the object = ?

Solution

Density = mass/volume

Density =42/22 = 1.909

Density = 1.909 kg/m3

Hence the density of the object is 1.909 and its unit is kg/m3 which is system international unit of density.

Chlorine and water in swimming pool are mixed in such a way that there composition remains same throughout the mixture. And chlorine cannot be separated back from water. This is the homogeneous mixture.

Because physical change does not include composition change, it includes change in physical parameters. And in splicing tomato only change in shape is done.

Remaining questions are attached in the files.

1.Interphase is an important and the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell prepares for division by coping its DNA. It is metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell grows, obtains nutrients and metabolizes them. There are three stages of interphase: G1 (the cell growth), S (replication of DNA, chromosomes are copied) and G2 (preparation for division). Without this phase, genetic material wouldn’t be ready for the process of meiosis  and haploid gametes couldn’t be created.

2.Homologous chromosomes are the similar but not totally identical chromosome pairs that an organism receives from its two parents. During the prophase I of meiosis they pair up: each chromosome aligns with its homologue partner via link-chiasmata ( the two match up at corresponding positions). Those homologue pairs separate during a first stage of cell division (meiosis I-reduction of chromosomes number, from diploid to haploid), while sister chromatids separate during a second stage (meiosis II).

3.Crossing over is a process in which homologous chromosomes trade their parts. Crossing over is process of genetic recombination where DNA is cut and then repaired. Cut and repair of homologous chromosomes allow them to exchange some of their genetic information. As a consequence of crossing over, new arrangement of maternal and paternal alleles on the same chromosome is achieved. It is the way to create varations.

4.During the metaphase I, homologue pairs are lined up comparing to metaphase II where individual chromosomes are lined up. It is because during the meiosis I homologue pairs separate and chromosome number reduce from diploid to haploid. On the other hand, during the meiosis II, sister chromatids separate.

5.Nondisjunction is the consequence of cell division, where there is no properly separation. There are  different forms of nondisjunction:  

•failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I,  

•failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II.

After nondisjunction, resulting daughter cells are with abnormal chromosome numbers -aneuploidy.