by mentioning specific groups and events that accomplished this goal
Explanation:
The author describes how the fight to face environmental problems has become a concern for many students worldwide, creating a net of groups working for the same cause and actually getting results.
She describes the experiences in Australia, Islamabad, Germany, Bangkok, India, Alaska, Canada, and even a demonstration in the 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference.
by mentioning specific groups and events that accomplished this goal
Explanation:
The author describes how the fight to face environmental problems has become a concern for many students worldwide, creating a net of groups working for the same cause and actually getting results.
She describes the experiences in Australia, Islamabad, Germany, Bangkok, India, Alaska, Canada, and even a demonstration in the 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference.
The author helps readers understand the method scientists use to determine a spacecraft's distance from Earth by using an analogy that relates the idea to readers' lives. The correct answer is C.
In paragraph 4, the author explains that to determine a spacecraft's distance from Earth, navigators send a signal to the spacecraft, which then returns it to Earth. The time it takes for the signal to make that two-way journey reveals the spacecraft's distance from Earth because the signal travels at a known speed (the speed of light).
To make this concept more relatable, the author provides an analogy in paragraph 4. They compare it to a situation that most people experience in their daily lives. For example, if you know you can walk about a mile in 20 minutes, you can calculate the distance to a grocery store that is a 30-minute walk from your house. This analogy helps readers understand the concept of using the time it takes for a signal to travel to determine distance.
By using an analogy that relates the idea to readers' lives, the author creates a familiar context that makes the method easier to understand, especially for schoolchildren.
The information in paragraph 12 connects the information provided in paragraphs 13 and 14 by explaining how the use of mercury ions in the Deep Space Atomic Clock makes autonomous navigation possible. Mercury ions are atoms with a net electric charge. In atomic clocks, the atoms are typically contained in a vacuum chamber, and in some cases, the atoms interact with the vacuum chamber walls. However, this interaction can lead to frequency errors caused by environmental changes such as temperature.
To prevent these errors, the Deep Space Atomic Clock uses mercury ions, which have an electric charge. These ions can be contained in an electromagnetic "trap," which prevents them from interacting with the vacuum chamber walls. As a result, the Deep Space Atomic Clock achieves a new level of precision, up to 50 times more stable than atomic clocks on GPS satellites. This level of stability makes autonomous navigation possible for missions to distant destinations like Mars or other planets, with minimal communication to and from Earth.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. The information about the use of mercury ions in the Deep Space Atomic Clock connects the explanation of precision and stability in paragraph 13 with the statement that such precision enables autonomous navigation in paragraph 14.
The correct answer is C. to guide readers' understanding of a complex topic.
The author uses a question-and-answer format to develop the main points of the passage in order to guide readers' understanding of a complex topic. By presenting questions and providing answers, the author breaks down the information into digestible chunks and makes it easier for readers to follow along and comprehend the subject matter.
Using this format allows the author to address specific questions that the readers might have while also providing detailed explanations and justifications for the answers. It helps to clarify the concepts and ensure a thorough understanding of the topic.
Additionally, the question-and-answer format allows the author to cover various aspects and subtopics related to the main subject in an organized and structured manner. It helps to present information in a logical sequence, making it easier for readers to follow the progression of ideas.
Therefore, the primary purpose of using a question-and-answer format in this passage is to guide readers' understanding of the complex topic of atomic clocks and their significance in space navigation.
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